簡介：中考語文復習專題勸學詩翻譯拼音版及解析SHàONIáNYìLǎOXUéNáNCHéNG，YīCùNGUāNGYīNBùKěQīNG。少年易老學難成，一寸光陰不可輕。WèIJUéCHíTáNGCHūNCǎOMèNG，JIēQIáNWúYèYǐQIūSHēNG。未覺池塘春草夢，階前梧葉已秋聲。注釋1、池塘春草夢這是一個典故，源于南史謝方明傳，謝方明之子惠連，年十歲能屬文，族兄靈運嘉賞之，云“每有篇章，對惠連輒得佳話?！眹L于永嘉西堂四詩，競?cè)詹痪停鰤粢娀葸B，即得“池塘生春草”，大以為工。常云“此語神功，非吾語也?！薄俺靥辽翰?，園柳變鳴禽”是謝靈運登池上樓中的詩句，后被贊譽為寫春意的千古名句，此處活用其典，意謂美好的青春年華將很快消逝，如同一場春夢。2、秋聲秋時西風作，草木凋零，多肅殺之聲。勸學詩翻譯青春的日子十分容易逝去，學問卻很難獲得成功，所以每一寸光陰都要珍惜，不能輕易放過。沒等池塘生春草的美夢醒來，臺階前的梧桐樹葉就已經(jīng)在秋風里沙沙作響了。勸學詩賞析這是一首逸詩，具體寫作年代不詳，大約在紹興末年（1162）。日本盛傳此詩，我國大陸亦不脛而走，以為為朱熹所作，姑且存以備考。其主旨是勸青年人珍視光陰，努力向?qū)W，用以勸人，亦用于自警。該詩語言明白易懂，形象鮮明生動，把時間快過，歲月易逝的程度，用池塘春草夢未覺，階前梧桐忽秋聲來比喻，十分貼切，倍增勸勉的力量。他募集錢糧賑濟災民，百姓得以安生。擬調(diào)直秘閣，他以捐賑者未得獎賞不就職。宰相王淮以浙東大荒，改薦朱熹為浙東常平提舉。待捐賑者得到獎勵，他才赴紹興就職。后官至秘閣修撰、煥章閣待制兼侍講。紹熙間1190～1194，朱熹應在祥芝芝山講學的著名學者邱葵的邀請，到芝山游覽，與邱葵互相唱和，并留下題詠芝山的詩文，其詩曰“床頭枕是溪中流，井底泉通石下池。宿客不懷過鳥語，獨聞山雨對花時?！焙笕藢⒋嗽娍淌⒈谥ド缴?。1慶元二年1196年，為避權(quán)臣韓侂胄之禍，朱熹與門人黃干、蔡沈、黃鐘來到新城福山今黎川縣社蘋鄉(xiāng)竹山村雙林寺側(cè)的武夷堂講學，并寫下福山一詩。在此期間，他往來于南城、南豐。在南城應利元吉、鄧約禮之邀作建昌軍進士題名記一文，文中對建昌人才輩出發(fā)出由衷贊美。又應南城縣上塘蛤蟆窩村吳倫、吳常兄弟之邀，到該村講學，為吳氏廳堂書寫“榮木軒”，為讀書亭書寫“書樓”，并為吳氏兄弟創(chuàng)辦的社倉撰寫了社倉記。還在該村寫下了“問渠那得清如許，為有源頭活水來”觀書有感的著名詩句。朱熹離村后，村民便將蛤蟆窩村改為源頭村，民國時曾設(shè)活水鄉(xiāng)今屬上塘鎮(zhèn)以紀念朱熹。在南豐曾鞏讀書巖石壁上刻有朱熹手書“書巖”二字，在巖穴下小池壁上刻有朱熹手書“墨池”二字。朱熹還先后到過樂安、金溪、東鄉(xiāng)等地。在樂安流坑為村口“狀元樓”題寫了匾額。應陸氏兄弟之邀，到金溪崇正書院講學，并書“一家兄弟學，千古圣賢心”相贈。在東鄉(xiāng)路過潤溪水名時，留有過潤溪詩。慶元六年卒。嘉定二年1207詔賜遺表恩澤。淳熙九年，馮去疾提舉江南西路，特建南湖書院今富奇汽車廠址，以紀念朱熹。相傳朱松曾求人算命。卜者說“富也只如此，貴也只如此，生個小孩兒，便是孔夫子?！笨质呛笕烁綍?，朱熹學成大儒則是事實。建陽近鄰有個南劍州后延平府今南平市，是道學最初在南方的傳播中心，朱熹十分熱衷道學，與當?shù)氐缹W家交往甚密。這種環(huán)境對朱熹的一生有著深刻的影響。他師承當時的洛學一脈“南劍三先生”李侗的教誨，開創(chuàng)閩學，

簡介：IT’STIMETORETHINK‘TEMPORARY’WETENDTOVIEWARCHITECTUREASPERMANENT，ASASPIRINGTOTHESTATUSOFMONUMENTSANDTHATKINDOFARCHITECTUREHASITSPLACEBUTSODOESARCHITECTUREOFADIFFERENTSORTFORMOSTOFTHEFIRSTDECADEOFTHES，ARCHITECTUREWASABOUTTHESTATEMENTBUILDINGWHETHERITWASACONTROVERSIALMEMORIALORANIMPOSSIBLYLUXURIOUSCONDOTOWER，ARCHITECTURE’SRAISOND’êTREWASTOMAKEALASTINGIMPRESSIONARCHITECTUREHASALWAYSBEENSYNONYMOUSWITHPERMANENCE，BUTSHOULDITBEINTHELASTFEWYEARS，THEOPPOSITEMAYBETRUEARCHITECTURALBILLINGSAREATANALLTIMELOWMAJORCOMMISSIONSAREFEWANDFARBETWEENTHEARCHITECTURETHAT’SBEENMAKINGNEWSISFASTANDFLEETINGPOPUPSHOPS，F(xiàn)OODCARTS，MARKETPLACES，PERFORMANCESPACESANDWHILEMANYMANIFESTATIONS（臨床體現(xiàn)，顯示，證明）（臨床體現(xiàn)，顯示，證明）OFTHEGENRE（類型，流派，風俗畫）（類型，流派，風俗畫）HAVEJUMPEDTHESHARK（鯊魚，騙子。欺詐，詐騙）（鯊魚，騙子。欺詐，詐騙）IE，ATOYSRUSPOPUPSHOP，THEREISUNDENIABLE不可否認，公認不可否認，公認OPPORTUNITYINTHETEMPORARYITISANAPT（恰當，有、、、傾向，敏捷）（恰當，有、、、傾向，敏捷）RESPONSETOACIVILIZATIONINFLUX（流量，變遷，不穩(wěn)定，流出）（流量，變遷，不穩(wěn)定，流出）ANDLIKEMANYPREVAILING（普通，最普通，流行，占優(yōu)勢）（普通，最普通，流行，占優(yōu)勢）TRENDSCOLLABORATIVE（合伙，協(xié)作）（合伙，協(xié)作）CONSUMPTION（消費，消（消費，消耗）AKA，“SHARING”，COMMUNITYGARDENS，RECAST（重鑄，徹底改動）（重鑄，徹底改動）INTHISWAY，ITCOULDBETTERSOLVESEEMINGLYUNSOLVABLEPROBLEMSANDSTILLSUCCEEDINCREATINGASENSEOFPLACEINHISPRESENTATION，KRONENBURGOFFEREDEXAMPLESOFHOWPORTABLE，TEMPORARYARCHITECTUREHASBEENUSEDINEVERYASPECTOFHUMANACTIVITY，INCLUDINGHEALTHCAREFROMFLORENCENIGHTINGALE’SREDESIGNEDHOSPITALSTOTHEAIRSTREAM（氣流）氣流）TRAILERSUSEDASMOBILEMEDICALCLINICS（診所）（診所）DURINGTHEKENNEDYADMINISTRATION，HOUSINGFROMYURTS（圓形帳篷圓形帳篷）TOTENTS（旅游帳篷，住所）TOARCHITECTSHIGERUBAN’SPOSTEARTHQUAKEPAPERHOUSES，CULTUREANDCOMMERCE（貿(mào)易，商業(yè)）STAGESETSANDGREATEXHIBITIONBUILDINGS，CENTURIESOLDBOUQINISTESALONGTHESEINE,（塞納河）MOBILEFOOD，ARTANDMUSICVENUES（場地）OFFERINGEVERYTHINGFROMTHERECORDINGOFSTORIESTOTASTYCRèME（奶油，烈性甜酒）BRULEESKRONENBURGMADEACOMPELLING（引人注目，強制，激發(fā)興趣）ARGUMENTTHATTHEEXPERIMENTATION（實驗，實驗辦法，實驗過程）INHERENT（固有，內(nèi)在，與生俱來）INSUCHSTRUCTURES（構(gòu)造，構(gòu)筑物）CHALLENGESPRECONCEIVED（預想，事先形成）NOTIONS（觀念，小商品）ABOUTWHATBUILDINGSCANANDSHOULDBETHESTRATEGYOFTEMPORALITY（俗事，暫時性，俗人，），HEEXPLAINED，“ADAPTSTOUNPREDICTABLEDEMANDS，PROVIDESMOREFORLESS（更少），ANDENCOURAGESINNOVATION（革新，改革，創(chuàng)新，新事物，新創(chuàng)造，新辦

簡介：附錄附錄附錄1英文原文PLANETARYGEARSINTRODUCTIONTHETAMIYAPLANETARYGEARBOXISDRIVENBYASMALLDCMOTORTHATRUNSATABOUT10,500RPMON30VDCANDDRAWSABOUT10ATHEMAXIMUMSPEEDRATIOIS1400,GIVINGANOUTPUTSPEEDOFABOUT26RPMFOURPLANETARYSTAGESARESUPPLIEDWITHTHEGEARBOX,TWO14ANDTWO15,ANDANYCOMBINATIONCANBESELECTEDNOTONLYISTHISAGOODDRIVEFORSMALLMECHANICALAPPLICATIONS,ITPROVIDESANEXCELLENTREVIEWOFEPICYCLEGEARTRAINSTHEGEARBOXISAVERYWELLDESIGNEDPLASTICKITTHATCANBEASSEMBLEDINABOUTANHOURWITHVERYFEWTOOLSTHESOURCEFORTHEKITISGIVENINTHEREFERENCESLETSBEGINBYREVIEWINGTHEFUNDAMENTALSOFGEARING,ANDTHETRICKOFANALYZINGEPICYCLICGEARTRAINSEPICYCLICGEARTRAINSAPAIROFSPURGEARSISREPRESENTEDINTHEDIAGRAMBYTHEIRPITCHCIRCLES,WHICHARETANGENTATTHEPITCHPOINTPTHEMESHINGGEARTEETHEXTENDBEYONDTHEPITCHCIRCLEBYTHEADDENDUM,ANDTHESPACESBETWEENTHEMHAVEADEPTHBENEATHTHEPITCHCIRCLEBYTHEDEDENDUMIFTHERADIIOFTHEPITCHCIRCLESAREAANDB,THEDISTANCEBETWEENTHEGEARSHAFTSISABINTHEACTIONOFTHEGEARS,THEPITCHCIRCLESROLLONONEANOTHERWITHOUTSLIPPINGTOENSURETHIS,THEGEARTEETHMUSTHAVEAPROPERSHAPESOTHATWHENTHEDRIVINGGEARMOVESUNIFORMLY,SODOESTHEDRIVENGEARTHISMEANSTHATTHELINEOFPRESSURE,NORMALTOTHETOOTHPROFILESINCONTACT,PASSESTHROUGHTHEPITCHPOINTTHEN,THETRANSMISSIONOFPOWERWILLBEFREEOFVIBRATIONANDHIGHSPEEDSAREPOSSIBLEWEWONTTALKFURTHERABOUTGEARTEETHHERE,HAVINGSTATEDTHISFUNDAMENTALPRINCIPLEOFGEARINGTHETRICKISTHATANYMOTIONOFTHEGEARTRAINCANCARRIEDOUTBYFIRSTHOLDINGTHEARMFIXEDANDROTATINGTHEGEARSRELATIVETOONEANOTHER,ANDTHENLOCKINGTHETRAINANDROTATINGITABOUTTHEFIXEDAXISTHENETMOTIONISTHESUMORDIFFERENCEOFMULTIPLESOFTHETWOSEPARATEMOTIONSTHATSATISFIESTHECONDITIONSOFTHEPROBLEMUSUALLYTHATONEELEMENTISHELDFIXEDTOCARRYOUTTHISPROGRAM,CONSTRUCTATABLEINWHICHTHEANGULARVELOCITIESOFTHEGEARSANDARMARELISTEDFOREACH,FOREACHOFTHETWOCASESTHELOCKEDTRAINGIVES1,1,1,1FORARM,GEAR1,GEAR2ANDGEAR3ARMFIXEDGIVES0,1,N1/N2,N1/N3SUPPOSEWEWANTTHEVELOCITYRATIONBETWEENTHEARMANDGEAR1,WHENGEAR3ISFIXEDMULTIPLYTHEFIRSTROWBYACONSTANTSOTHATWHENITISADDEDTOTHESECONDROW,THEVELOCITYOFGEAR3WILLBEZEROTHISCONSTANTISN1/N3NOW,DOINGONEDISPLACEMENTANDTHENTHEOTHERCORRESPONDSTOADDINGTHETWOROWSWEFINDN1/N3,1N1/N3,N1/N3N1/N2THEFIRSTNUMBERISTHEARMVELOCITY,THESECONDTHEVELOCITYOFGEAR1,SOTHEVELOCITYRATIOBETWEENTHEMISN1/N1N3,AFTERMULTIPLYINGTHROUGHBYN3THISISTHEVELOCITYRATIOWENEEDFORTHETAMIYAGEARBOX,WHERETHERINGGEARDOESNOTROTATE,THESUNGEARISTHEINPUT,ANDTHEARMISTHEOUTPUTTHEPROCEDUREISGENERAL,HOWEVER,ANDWILLWORKFORANYEPICYCLICTRAINONEOFTHETAMIYAPLANETARYGEARASSEMBLIESHASN1N216,N348,WHILETHEOTHERHASN112,N218,N348BECAUSETHEPLANETARYGEARSMUSTFITBETWEENTHESUNANDRINGGEARS,THECONDITIONN3N12N2MUSTBESATISFIEDITISINDEEDSATISFIEDFORTHENUMBERSOFTEETHGIVENTHEVELOCITYRATIOOFTHEFIRSTSETWILLBE16/48161/4THEVELOCITYRATIOOFTHESECONDSETWILLBE12/48121/5BOTHRATIOSAREASADVERTISEDNOTETHATTHESUNGEARANDARMWILLROTATEINTHESAMEDIRECTIONTHEBESTGENERALMETHODFORSOLVINGEPICYCLICGEARTRAINSISTHETABULARMETHOD,SINCEITDOESNOTCONTAINHIDDENASSUMPTIONSLIKEFORMULAS,NORREQUIRETHEWORKOFTHEVECTORMETHODTHEFIRSTSTEPISTOISOLATETHEEPICYCLICTRAIN,SEPARATINGTHEGEARTRAINSFORINPUTSANDOUTPUTSFROMITFINDTHEINPUTSPEEDSORTURNS,USINGTHEINPUTGEARTRAINSTHEREARE,INGENERAL,TWOINPUTS,ONEOFWHICHMAYBEZEROINSIMPLEPROBLEMSNOWPREPARETWOROWSOFTHETABLEOFTURNSORANGULARVELOCITIESTHEFIRSTROWCORRESPONDSTOROTATINGAROUNDTHEEPICYCLICAXISONCE,ANDCONSISTSOFALL1SWRITEDOWNTHESECONDROWASSUMINGTHATTHEARMVELOCITYISZERO,USINGTHEKNOWNGEARRATIOSTHEROWTHATYOUWANTISALINEARCOMBINATIONOFTHESETWOROWS,WITHUNKNOWNMULTIPLIERSXANDYSUMMINGTHEENTRIESFORTHEINPUTGEARSGIVESTWOSIMULTANEOUSLINEAREQUATIONSFORXANDYINTERMSOFTHEKNOWNINPUTVELOCITIESNOWTHESUMOFTHETWOROWSMULTIPLIEDBYTHEIRRESPECTIVEMULTIPLIERSGIVESTHESPEEDSOFALLTHEGEARSOFINTERESTFINALLY,FINDTHEOUTPUTSPEEDWITHTHEAIDOFTHEOUTPUTGEARTRAINBECAREFULTOGETTHEDIRECTIONSOFROTATIONCORRECT,WITHRESPECTTOADIRECTIONTAKENASPOSITIVE

簡介：精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔傾情為你奉上專心專注專業(yè)外文翻譯ENGLISHCONTROLOFINDUCTIONMACHINEDRIVES61INTRODUCTION62SCALARINDUCTIONMACHINECONTROL63VECTORCONTROLOFINDUCTIONMACHINESVECTORFORMULATIONOFTHEINDUCTIONMACHINEINDUCTIONMACHINEDYNAMICMODELFIELDORIENTEDCONTROLOFTHEINDUCTIONMACHINEDIRECTTORQUECONTROLOFTHEINDUCTIONMACHINE64SUMMARY61INTRODUCTIONINDUCTIONMACHINESHAVEBECOMETHESTAPLEFORELECTROMECHANICALENERGYCONVERSIONINTODAY’SINDUSTRYTHEYAREUSEDMOREOFTENTHANALLOTHERTYPESOFMOTORSCOMBINEDSEVERALFACTORSHAVEMADETHEMTHEMACHINEOFCHOICEFORINDUSTRIALAPPLICATIONSVSDCMACHINES,INCLUDINGTHEIRRUGGEDNESS,RELIABILITY,ANDLOWMAINTENANCE1,2THECAGEINDUCTIONMACHINEISSIMPLETOMANUFACTURE,WITHNOROTORWINDINGSORCOMMUTATORFOREXTERNALROTORCONNECTIONTHEREARENOBRUSHESTOREPLACEBECAUSEOFWEAR,ANDNOBRUSHARCINGTOPREVENTTHEMACHINEFROMBEINGUSEDINVOLATILEENVIRONMENTSTHEINDUCTIONMACHINEHASAHIGHERPOWERDENSITY,GREATERMAXIMUMSPEED,ANDLOWERROTORINERTIATHANTHEDCMACHINETHEINDUCTIONMACHINEHASONESIGNIFICANTDISADVANTAGEWITHREGARDTOTORQUECONTROLASCOMPAREDWITHTHEDCMACHINETHETORQUEPRODUCTIONOFAGIVENMACHINEISRELATEDTOTHECROSSPRODUCTOFTHESTATORANDROTORFLUXLINKAGEVECTORS3–5IFTHEROTORANDSTATORFLUXLINKAGESAREHELDORTHOGONALTOONEANOTHER,THEELECTRICALTORQUEOFTHEMACHINECANBECONTROLLEDBYADJUSTINGEITHERTHEROTORORSTATORFLUXLINKAGE精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔傾情為你奉上專心專注專業(yè)REACTANCEAREAND,RESPECTIVELYTHEREFERREDROTORSERIESRESISTANCEANDLEAKAGE1R1XREACTANCEAREAND,RESPECTIVELYTHEMAGNETIZINGREACTANCEISTHECORELOSS2R2XMXDUETOEDDYCURRENTSANDTHEHYSTERESISOFTHEIRONCOREISREPRESENTEDBYTHESHUNTRESISTANCETHEMACHINESLIPSISDEFINEDAS1111CR（61ERES?????WHEREISTHESYNCHRONOUS,OREXCITATIONFREQUENCY,ANDISTHEMACHINEE?R?SHAFTSPEED,BOTHINELECTRICALRADIANSPERSECONDTHEPOWERSUPPLIEDTOTHEMACHINESHAFTCANBEEXPRESSEDAS（622221SHAFTSPRIS??SOLVINGFORANDUSINGEQ112,THESHAFTTORQUECANBEEXPRESSEDAS2I（63????2222212123||INEEVRSTSRRSXX?????????WHERETHENUMERAL3INTHENUMERATORISUSEDTOINCLUDETHETORQUEFROMALLTHREEPHASESTHISEXPRESSIONMAKESCLEARTHATINDUCTIONMACHINETORQUECONTROLISPOSSIBLEBYVARYINGTHEMAGNITUDEOFTHEAPPLIEDSTATORVOLTAGETHENORMALIZEDTORQUEVSSLIPCURVESFORATYPICALINDUCTIONMACHINECORRESPONDINGTOVARIOUSSTATORVOLTAGEMAGNITUDESARESHOWNINFIG112SPEEDCONTROLISACCOMPLISHEDBYADJUSTINGTHEINPUTVOLTAGEUNTILTHEMACHINETORQUEFORAGIVENSLIPMATCHESTHELOADTORQUEHOWEVER,THEDEVELOPEDTORQUEDECREASESASTHESQUAREOFTHEINPUTVOLTAGE,BUTTHEROTORCURRENTDECREASESLINEARLYWITHTHEINPUTVOLTAGETHISOPERATIONISINEFFICIENTANDREQUIRESTHATTHELOADTORQUEDECREASEWITHDECREASINGMACHINESPEEDTOPREVENTOVERHEATING1,2INADDITION,THEBREAKDOWNTORQUEOFTHEMACHINEDECREASESASTHESQUAREOFTHEINPUTVOLTAGEFANSANDPUMPSAREAPPROPRIATELOADSFORTHISTYPEOFSPEEDCONTROLBECAUSETHETORQUEREQUIREDTODRIVETHEMVARIESLINEARLYORQUADRATICALLYWITHTHEIRSPEEDLINEARIZATIONOFEQ113WITHRESPECTTOMACHINESLIPYIELDS

簡介：外文原文外文原文THEANALYSISOFCAVITATIONPROBLEMSINTHEAXIALPISTONPUMPSHUWANGEATONCORPORATION,14615LONEOAKROAD,EDENPRAIRIE,MN55344THISPAPERDISCUSSESANDANALYZESTHECONTROLVOLUMEOFAPISTONBORECONSTRAINEDBYTHEVALVEPLATEINAXIALPISTONPUMPSTHEVACUUMWITHINTHEPISTONBORECAUSEDBYTHERISEVOLUMENEEDSTOBECOMPENSATEDBYTHEFLOWOTHERWISE,THELOWPRESSUREMAYCAUSETHECAVITATIONSANDAERATIONSINTHERESEARCH,THEVALVEPLATEGEOMETRYCANBEOPTIMIZEDBYSOMEANALYTICALLIMITATIONSTOPREVENTTHEPISTONPRESSUREBELOWTHEVAPORPRESSURETHELIMITATIONSPROVIDETHEDESIGNGUIDEOFTHETIMINGSANDOVERLAPAREASBETWEENVALVEPLATEPORTSANDBARRELKIDNEYSTOCONSIDERTHECAVITATIONSANDAERATIONS_DOI101115/14002058_KEYWORDSCAVITATION,OPTIMIZATION,VALVEPLATE,PRESSUREUNDERSHOOTS1INTRODUCTIONINHYDROSTATICMACHINES,CAVITATIONSMEANTHATCAVITIESORBUBBLESFORMINTHEHYDRAULICLIQUIDATTHELOWPRESSUREANDCOLLAPSEATTHEHIGHPRESSUREREGION,WHICHCAUSESNOISE,VIBRATION,ANDLESSEFFICIENCYCAVITATIONSAREUNDESIRABLEINTHEPUMPSINCETHESHOCKWAVESFORMEDBYCOLLAPSEDMAYBESTRONGENOUGHTODAMAGECOMPONENTSTHEHYDRAULICFLUIDWILLVAPORIZEWHENITSPRESSUREBECOMESTOOLOWORWHENTHETEMPERATUREISTOOHIGHINPRACTICE,ANUMBEROFAPPROACHESAREMOSTLYUSEDTODEALWITHTHEPROBLEMS1RAISETHELIQUIDLEVELINTHETANK,2PRESSURIZETHETANK,3BOOSTERTHEINLETPRESSUREOFTHEPUMP,4LOWERTHEPUMPINGFLUIDTEMPERATURE,AND5DESIGNDELIBERATELYTHEPUMPITSELFMANYRESEARCHEFFORTSHAVEBEENMADEONCAVITATIONPHENOMENAINHYDRAULICMACHINEDESIGNSTHECAVITATIONISCLASSIFIEDINTOTWOTYPESINPISTONPUMPSTRAPPINGPHENOMENONRELATEDONEWHICHCANBEPREVENTEDTHEGASEOUSCAVITATIONISCONSIDEREDINASIMPLIFIEDMANNERANIMPROVEDMODELISPROPOSEDINREF11ANDVALIDATEDBYEXPERIMENTALRESULTSTHEMODELMAYANALYZETHECYLINDERPRESSUREANDFLOWRIPPLESINFLUENCEDBYPORTPLATEANDRELIEFGROOVEDESIGNMANRINGCOMPAREDPRINCIPALADVANTAGESOFVARIOUSVALVEPLATESLOTSIE,THESLOTSWITHCONSTANT,LINEARLYVARYING,ANDQUADRATICVARYINGAREASINAXIALPISTONPUMPS12FOURDIFFERENTNUMERICALMODELSAREFOCUSEDONTHECHARACTERISTICSOFHYDRAULICFLUID,ANDCAVITATIONSARETAKENINTOACCOUNTINDIFFERENTWAYSTOASSISTTHEREDUCTIONINFLOWOSCILLATIONS13THEEXPERIENCESOFPISTONPUMPDEVELOPMENTSSHOWTHATTHEOPTIMIZATIONOFTHECAVITATIONS/AERATIONSSHALLINCLUDETHEFOLLOWINGISSUESOCCURRINGCAVITATIONANDAIRRELEASE,PUMPACOUSTICSCAUSEDBYTHEINDUCEDNOISES,MAXIMALAMPLITUDESOFPRESSUREFLUCTUATIONS,ROTATIONALTORQUEPROGRESSION,ETCHOWEVER,THEAIMOFTHISSTUDYISTOMODIFYTHEVALVEPLATEDESIGNTOPREVENTCAVITATIONEROSIONSCAUSEDBYCOLLAPSINGSTEAMORAIRBUBBLESONTHEWALLSOFAXIALPUMPCOMPONENTSINCONTRASTTOLITERATURESTUDIES,THERESEARCHFOCUSESONTHEDEVELOPMENTOFANALYTICALRELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHEVALVEPLATEGEOMETRICSANDCAVITATIONSTHEOPTIMIZATIONMETHODISAPPLIEDTOANALYZETHEPRESSUREUNDERSHOOTSCOMPAREDWITHTHESATURATEDVAPORPRESSUREWITHINTHEPISTONBORETHEAPPROPRIATEDESIGNOFINSTANTANEOUSFLOWAREASBETWEENTHEVALVEPLATEANDBARRELKIDNEYCANBEDECIDEDCONSEQUENTLY2THEAXIALPISTONPUMPANDVALVEPLATETHETYPICALSCHEMATICOFTHEDESIGNOFTHEAXISPISTONPUMPISSHOWNINFIG1THESHAFTOFFSETEISDESIGNEDINTHISCASETOGENERATESTROKINGCONTAINMENTMOMENTSFORREDUCINGCOSTPURPOSESTHEVARIATIONBETWEENTHEPIVOTCENTEROFTHESLIPPERANDSWASHROTATINGCENTERISSHOWNASATHESWASHANGLEISTHEVARIABLETHATDETERMINESTHE?AMOUNTOFFLUIDPUMPEDPERSHAFTREVOLUTIONINFIG1,THENTHPISTONSLIPPERASSEMBLYISLOCATEDATTHEANGLEOFTHEDISPLACEMENTOFTHENTHPISTONN?SLIPPERASSEMBLYALONGTHEXAXISCANBEWRITTENASXNRTAN（）SIN（）ASEC（）ETAN1?N???WHERERISTHEPITCHRADIUSOFTHEROTATINGGROUPTHEN,THEINSTANTANEOUSVELOCITYOFTHENTHPISTONIS

簡介：精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔傾情為你奉上專心專注專業(yè)附錄THESPINTESTERFORTHEAUTOMOBILECLUTCHTESTWITHHIGHSPEEDPHOTOGRAPHYSYSTEMABSTRACTTHEDEVELOPMENTOFANEWTYPESPINTESTERFORTHEAUTOMOBILECLUTCHTESTISINTRODUCEDAVERTICALFLEXIBLESHAFTSYSTEMWITHRUBBERDAMPERISAPPLIEDTOTHETESTERTHECRUSHINGTESTOFTHECLUTCHASSEMBLYCANBEDONEFREQUENTLYONTHESPINTESTER,ANDTHEHIGHSPEEDPHOTOGRAPHYSYSTEMADOPTINGORDINARYCAMERACANRECORDTHECRUSHINGWINKTHECRUSHINGTESTOFACLUTCHONTHISTESTERISALSOINTRODUCEDANDTHEWEAKLINKOFTHECLUTCHASSEMBLYCANBEFOUNDFROMTHEPHOTOGRAPHOFCRUSHINGWINKKEYWORDSSPINTESTERAUTOMOBILECLUTCHHIGHSPEEDPHOTOGRAPHYCLUTCHBYGLANDASSEMBLYANDPLATENASSEMBLYWHICH,INTHEIRROTATIONSTRENGTHISTHEKEYPARTSOFTHEQUALITYEVALUATIONCARISANIMPORTANTINDEX,RULESANDREGULATIONSSHOULDBEACCELERATIONINTHEIRSTATEOFTHEROTATINGSPEEDISHIGHERTHANSPEEDINGSTRENGTHTESTTODETERMINETHESAFETYANDRELIABILITYOFTHECLUTCHDISCFOREXAMPLE,SANTANACLUTCHDISCASSEMBLYANDDRIVENPLATETOTALCHENGDUINORDINARYTEMPERATUREREQUIREMENTSINARAD/S2ACCELERATIONOF50ACCTO12000R/MIN,ANDPLATENASSEMBLYALSOREQUIRESINHIGHTEMPERATURE250℃ATARAD/S2ACCELERATIONOF50ACCTO10000R/MINWITHOUTFRACTURETHESETESTSREQUIREINTHESPECIALIZEDTESTINGMACHINEATPRESENT,THEDOMESTICISNOCLUTCHASSEMBLYSTRENGTHTESTONTHESPECIALEQUIPMENTTHISPAPERINTRODUCESTHEAUTHORDEVELOPEDAVERTICALMULTIFUNCTIONOFCLUTCHROTATINGSTRENGTHTESTERSEECHART1ITHASASTRONGDRIVEABILITY1,CANGENERATEENOUGHACCELERATION,THEMAXIMUMWEIGHT50KG,WITHTHEHIGHESTSPEED18000R/MIN,MAXIMUMACCELERATION20RADPI/S2THECLUTCHASSEMBLYSTRENGTHTEST2THESTRONGVIBRATIONABSORBERSYSTEM,TOABSORBTHECLUTCHASSEMBLYHIGHSPEEDROTATINGVIBRATIONENERGY3THERELIABLEANDSTEADYAUTOMATIONCONTROLSYSTEMANDABSOLUTESAFETYOFLEADBRICKPROTECTIONRECESSED4TOOBSERVETHECLUTCHASSEMBLYROTATIONEXPERIMENTPROCESSANDTHERUPTUREINSTANTANEOUSSTATESURVEILLANCEANDHIGHSPEEDPHOTOGRAPHYSYSTEMTOALLSORTSOFCLUTCHASSEMBLY,THEMACHINECANSTRENGTHTEST,ESPECIALLYFORHIGHSPEEDCANBEFREQUENTLYDODESTRUCTIVETESTING,USECONVENIENT,SAFEANDRELIABLE精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔傾情為你奉上專心專注專業(yè)FIGURE2RUBBERDAMPERWITHFLEXIBLESHAFT12THECLUTCHASSEMBLYDAMAGEMOMENTSOFHIGHSPEEDPHOTOGRAPHYSYSTEMTHECLUTCHASSEMBLYBYMANYPARTSASSEMBLYANDBECOME,THEPARTSQUALITYISDIRECTLYRELATEDTOTHEQUALITYOFTHEASSEMBLYIFCANTHROUGHTHEHIGHSPEEDSTRENGTHTESTFINDASSEMBLYPARTSTHEWEAKLINKS,HADBETTERBETOBEINTESTCHAMBERTOTAKETHEPARTSASSEMBLYBYDEFORMATIONANDDESTRUCTIONANDYIELDSPREADTOTHEWHOLEPROCESSOF,THATWILLBEVERYSIGNIFICANTALTHOUGHCURRENTLYNOTATACLOSERANGEINADVANCE,DONOTKNOWWHENTHECLUTCHASSEMBLYOFTHEDAMAGEHAPPENEDPRODUCEDHIGHSPEEDTHEWHOLEPROCESSOFDESTRUCTION,BUTTHEYCANTAKETODESTROYTHEMOMENTALONEPHOTOSFOREIGNISWIDELYACCEPTEDINTHESPECIMENOUTSIDETRIGGERCOILROTORSET,ASTHEROTORFLYCRACK,DEBRISFLYINGOUTOFLINE,METTRIGGERTRIGGERCIRCUITTRIGGEREDBYHIGHSPEEDCAMERASHUTTEROPEN,TOOKADAMAGETHEIMAGEOFTHEROTORMOMENTOBVIOUSLYTHISDESIGNREQUIREMENTSMUSTHAVETAKENTHECAMERAVERYHIGHSPEEDFOREXAMPLETHECLUTCHASSEMBLYDESTRUCTIONSPEEDTHAN10000R/MIN,THELINEARVELOCITYINTHE200M/SABOVE,IFWANTTOTAKECLEARDEBRISFLYINGOUTOFTHEINSTANTANEOUSMOVEMENTCONDITIONWHEN,CAPTUREDFRAGMENTSOFTHEDISTANCEFROMTHE2MMMOVINGIMAGESSO,THECAMERAATLEASTSHOULDHAVET2MM/200M/S1X105SSHOOTINGSPEED,FORORDINARYCAMERAITISCLEARLYTHEDEFICITSINORDERTOSOLVETHISPROBLEM,WEDEVELOPEDACOMMONCAMERASWITHTHEHIGHSPEEDPHOTOGRAPHYINTHETECHNOLOGY,WITHTHECLUTCHHIGHSPEEDSTRENGTHTESTMACHINE,TOOKTHECLUTCHASSEMBLYDESTRUCTIONOFPHOTOGRAPHSTHEMOMENTTHEHIGHSPEEDPHOTOGRAPHYWORKPRINCIPLEOFTHESYSTEMISSHOWNINFIGURE3THESPECIFICPRACTICESFORORDINARYCAMERA,WILLCOVERTHEWINDOWSINTESTINGMACHINEINTHEDARKNESSOFTHETESTCHAMBEROUTSIDE,OPENSHUTTER,INADVANCEFORSHOOTINGSTATEATTHESAMETIME,ADDTHEREARCOVEROUTSIDETHEWINDOWBETWEENTHETWOSTEELBALLMUST

簡介：新標準大學英語課后翻譯一（上）新標準大學英語課后翻譯一（上）英譯漢英譯漢UNITUNIT11FINALLY,WITH1FINALLY,WITHMYMYMOTHERMOTHERREDREDININTHETHEFACEFACEANDANDSHORTSHORTOFOFBREATH,WEBREATH,WEFINDFINDROOMROOM8,I8,IUNLOCKUNLOCKTHETHEDOOR,ANDDOOR,ANDWEWEALLALLWALKWALKININ譯等我們終于找到譯等我們終于找到8號房間的時候，媽媽已經(jīng)漲紅了臉，累得上氣接不上下號房間的時候，媽媽已經(jīng)漲紅了臉，累得上氣接不上下氣。我打開門鎖，我們都走了進去。氣。我打開門鎖，我們都走了進去。2SHE2SHEIMPRESSESIMPRESSESME,ANDME,ANDIFEELFEELSOSOIGNORANTIGNORANTTHATTHATISHOULDN’TSHOULDN’TEVENEVENBREATHEBREATHETHETHESAMESAMEAIRAIRASASHERHER譯她給我留下了深刻的印象，我覺得自己太無知了，甚至不配跟她呼吸同樣的譯她給我留下了深刻的印象，我覺得自己太無知了，甚至不配跟她呼吸同樣的空氣?？諝?。3I3IDON’TDON’TKNOWKNOWWHYWHYIHAVEHAVETOTOBEBEINTRODUCEDINTRODUCEDTOTOLITERATURELITERATUREBUTBUTTHETHEWOMANWOMANININTHETHEADMISSIONSADMISSIONSOFFICEOFFICESAYSSAYSIFIFIT’SIT’SAREQUIREMENTREQUIREMENTEVENEVENTHOUGHTHOUGHI’VEI’VEREADREADDOSTOYEVSKYDOSTOYEVSKYANDANDMELVILLEMELVILLEANDANDTHAT’STHAT’SADMIRABLEADMIRABLEFORFORSOMEONESOMEONEWITHOUTWITHOUTAHIGHHIGHSCHOOLSCHOOLEDUCATIONEDUCATION譯我不知道為什么我非得了解文學?？墒钦猩k公室的那位女士說，雖然我讀譯我不知道為什么我非得了解文學?？墒钦猩k公室的那位女士說，雖然我讀過陀思妥耶夫斯基和梅爾維爾的小說，雖然一個沒上過高中的人能讀這些書的確過陀思妥耶夫斯基和梅爾維爾的小說，雖然一個沒上過高中的人能讀這些書的確令人欽佩，但這門課是必修課。令人欽佩，但這門課是必修課。4I’M4I’MININHEAVENHEAVENANDANDTHETHEFIRSTFIRSTTHINGTHINGTOTODODOISISBUYBUYTHETHEREQUIREDREQUIREDTEXTBOOKSTEXTBOOKS,COVER,COVERTHEMTHEMWITHWITHTHETHEPURPLEPURPLEANDANDWHITEWHITENYUNYUBOOKBOOKJACKETSJACKETSSOSOTHATTHATPEOPLEPEOPLEININTHETHE譯我樂得飄飄然了，第一件事就是去買所需要的課本，然后用紐約大學紫白相譯我樂得飄飄然了，第一件事就是去買所需要的課本，然后用紐約大學紫白相譯但是，雖然清晰地感覺到了他的妥協(xié)，譯但是，雖然清晰地感覺到了他的妥協(xié)，只有一個十歲的男孩才有這樣的只有一個十歲的男孩才有這樣的感覺，我仍然明白這妥協(xié)包含著吃掉那只牡蠣，那只放在我父親盤子邊上的牡感覺，我仍然明白這妥協(xié)包含著吃掉那只牡蠣，那只放在我父親盤子邊上的牡蠣。蠣。4THE4THECHOCOLATECHOCOLATESETSSETSINTOINTOBARSBARSWHICHWHICHWILLWILLEASILYEASILYSNAPSNAPINTOINTOPIECESPIECESANDANDTHENTHENMELTMELTININTHETHEMOUTHMOUTH譯（添加了可可油后）巧克力凝固成易折斷的條塊，入口即化。譯（添加了可可油后）巧克力凝固成易折斷的條塊，入口即化。5BUT5BUTWHATWHATACCOUNTSACCOUNTSFORFORITSITSAMAZINGAMAZINGPOPULARITYPOPULARITYOROREVENEVENTHETHEPROPERTIESPROPERTIESTHATTHATHAVEHAVEMADEMADEMILLIONSMILLIONSOFOFPEOPLEPEOPLECONFESSCONFESSTOTOBEINGBEINGCHOCAHOLICSCHOCAHOLICS譯但是，是什么原因使得巧克力出奇的暢銷有是什么原因?qū)е铝饲煽肆Φ纳献g但是，是什么原因使得巧克力出奇的暢銷有是什么原因?qū)е铝饲煽肆Φ纳习a特性，使無數(shù)人承認自己是巧克力迷呢癮特性，使無數(shù)人承認自己是巧克力迷呢UNITUNIT31WHEN1WHENWASWASTHETHELASTLASTORGANIZATIONALORGANIZATIONALVISIONVISIONSTATEMENTSTATEMENTYOUYOUSAWSAWTHATTHATINCLUDEDINCLUDEDTHETHEWORDS“TOWORDS“TODEVELOPDEVELOPOURSELVESOURSELVESINTOINTOAMODELMODELENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENTININWHICHWHICHEVERYONEEVERYONEATATEVERYEVERYLEVELLEVELCANCANTHINKTHINKFORFORTHEMSELVES“THEMSELVES“譯“在我們周圍逐漸創(chuàng)建出一個模擬環(huán)境，使各個層次的人都有獨立思考的譯“在我們周圍逐漸創(chuàng)建出一個模擬環(huán)境，使各個層次的人都有獨立思考的空間?？臻g?！蹦闵弦淮慰吹桨鲜鲎盅鄣臋C構(gòu)遠景陳述是在什么時候”你上一次看到包含上述字眼的機構(gòu)遠景陳述是在什么時候2HAD2HADSHESHEAFFIRMEDAFFIRMEDOUROURINTELLIGENCEINTELLIGENCEFIRSTFIRSTANDANDSPOKENSPOKENABOUTABOUTTHETHEJOYJOYOFOFTHINKINGTHINKINGFORFOROURSELVES,OURSELVES,HADHADSHESHENOTNOTFANNEDFANNEDOUROURFEARFEAROFOFHER,HER,WEWEWOULDWOULDALLALLHAVEHAVELEARNEDLEARNEDEVENEVENMOREMOREPOWERFULLYPOWERFULLYWHATWHATITITMEANTMEANTTOTODODOOUROUROWNOWNTHINKINGTHINKINGANDANDWEWEMIGHTMIGHTHAVEHAVEBEENBEENABLEABLETOTOTHINKTHINKWELLWELLAROUNDAROUNDHERHERTOOTOO譯要是她一開始就肯定我們的聰明才智，給我們講講獨立思考的樂趣，要是她譯要是她一開始就肯定我們的聰明才智，給我們講講獨立思考的樂趣，要是她沒有激起我們對她的畏懼，我們大家就能更深切地體會到獨立思考的意義，而且沒有激起我們對她的畏懼，我們大家就能更深切地體會到獨立思考的意義，而且

簡介：數(shù)字信號處理一、導論數(shù)字信號處理（DSP）是由一系列的數(shù)字或符號來表示這些信號的處理的過程的。數(shù)字信號處理與模擬信號處理屬于信號處理領(lǐng)域。DSP包括子域的音頻和語音信號處理，雷達和聲納信號處理，傳感器陣列處理，譜估計，統(tǒng)計信號處理，數(shù)字圖像處理，通信信號處理，生物醫(yī)學信號處理，地震數(shù)據(jù)處理等。由于DSP的目標通常是對連續(xù)的真實世界的模擬信號進行測量或濾波，第一步通常是通過使用一個模擬到數(shù)字的轉(zhuǎn)換器將信號從模擬信號轉(zhuǎn)化到數(shù)字信號。通常，所需的輸出信號卻是一個模擬輸出信號，因此這就需要一個數(shù)字到模擬的轉(zhuǎn)換器。即使這個過程比模擬處理更復雜的和而且具有離散值，由于數(shù)字信號處理的錯誤檢測和校正不易受噪聲影響，它的穩(wěn)定性使得它優(yōu)于許多模擬信號處理的應用（雖然不是全部）。DSP算法一直是運行在標準的計算機，被稱為數(shù)字信號處理器（DSP）的專用處理器或在專用硬件如特殊應用集成電路（ASIC）。目前有用于數(shù)字信號處理的附加技術(shù)包括更強大的通用微處理器，現(xiàn)場可編程門陣列（FPGA），數(shù)字信號控制器（大多為工業(yè)應用，如電機控制）和流處理器和其他相關(guān)技術(shù)。在數(shù)字信號處理過程中，工程師通常研究數(shù)字信號的以下領(lǐng)域時間域（一維信號），空間域（多維信號），頻率域，域和小波域的自相關(guān)。他們選擇在哪個領(lǐng)域過程中的一個信號，做一個明智的猜測（或通過嘗試不同的可能性）作為該域的最佳代表的信號的本質(zhì)特征。從測量裝置對樣品序列產(chǎn)生一個時間或空間域表示，而離散傅立葉變換產(chǎn)生的頻譜的頻率域信息。自相關(guān)的定義是互相關(guān)的信號本身在不同時間間隔的時間或空間的相關(guān)情況。二、信號采樣隨著計算機的應用越來越多地使用，數(shù)字信號處理的需要也增加了。為了在計算機上使用一個模擬信號的計算機，它上面必須使用模擬到數(shù)字的轉(zhuǎn)換器（ADC）使其數(shù)字化。采樣通常分兩階段進行，離散化和量化。在離散化階段，信號的空間被劃分成等價類和量化是通過一組有限的具有代表性的信號值來代替信號近似值。奈奎斯特香農(nóng)采樣定理指出，如果樣本的取樣頻率大于兩倍的信號的最高頻率，一個信號可以準確地重建它的樣本。在實踐中，采樣頻率往往大大超過所需的帶寬的兩倍。數(shù)字模擬轉(zhuǎn)換器（DAC）用于將數(shù)字信號轉(zhuǎn)化到模擬信號。數(shù)字計算機的使用是數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)中的一個關(guān)鍵因素。有一些常用的頻域變換。例如，倒譜轉(zhuǎn)換信號的頻域傅立葉變換，取對數(shù)，然后將另一個傅里葉變換。這強調(diào)的頻率成分的幅度較小而保留的頻率分量的大小順序。頻域分析又稱譜或譜分析。五、信號處理信號通常需要以不同的方式進行處理。例如，從一個傳感器的輸出信號可能被污染的多余電“噪音”。電極連接到一個病人的胸部時，心電圖是測量由心臟和其他肌肉的活動引起的微小的電壓變化。由于電的干擾從電源的強烈影響，信號通常是采用“總管拾取”。處理信號的濾波電路可以消除或至少降低信號的不需要的部分?，F(xiàn)在，越來越多的的情況下，是由DSP技術(shù)來進行信號的濾波以提高信號質(zhì)量或提取重要信息，而不是模擬電子技術(shù)。六、DSP的發(fā)展數(shù)字信號處理的發(fā)展從1960年代的大型數(shù)字計算機的數(shù)字運算應用程序的使用快速傅立葉變換（FFT），它允許一個信號的頻譜可以快速計算。這些技術(shù)在當時沒有被廣泛使用，因為合適的計算設(shè)備通常僅在大學及其他科研機構(gòu)可以使用。七、數(shù)字信號處理器（DSP）在20世紀70年代末和20世紀80年代初微處理機的介紹使DSP技術(shù)在更廣泛的范圍內(nèi)得到了使用。然而，通用微處理器如INTELX86的家庭并不適合于DSP的計算密集型的需求，隨著20世紀80年代DSP重要性的增加導致幾個主要的電子產(chǎn)品制造商（如德克薩斯儀器，模擬設(shè)備和摩托羅拉）去開發(fā)數(shù)字信號處理器芯片，專門的微處理器，專門設(shè)計用于在數(shù)字信號處理要求的操作的類型的架構(gòu)。（注意，縮寫DSP數(shù)字信號處理的不同的意思，這個詞用于處理數(shù)字信號，多種技術(shù)或數(shù)字信號處理器，一種特殊類型的微處理器芯片）。像一個通用微處理器，DSP是一種具有其自己的本地指令代碼的可編程器件。DSP芯片是能夠每秒進行數(shù)以百萬計的浮點運算，像他們同類型的更著名的通用器件，更快和更強大的版本正在不斷被引入。DSP也可以嵌入在復雜的“系統(tǒng)芯片”裝置，通常包括模擬和數(shù)字電路。8、數(shù)字信號處理器的應用DSP技術(shù)是當今普遍在手機，多媒體計算機，錄像機，CD播放器，硬盤驅(qū)動器和控制器的調(diào)制解調(diào)器等設(shè)備，并將很快在電視和電話業(yè)務中取代模擬電路。DSP的一個重要的應用是信號的壓縮和解壓。信號壓縮用于數(shù)字蜂窩電話，在每一個地方的“單元”讓更多的電話同時被處理。DSP信號壓縮技術(shù)不僅使人們可以相互交談，而且可以通過使用安裝在計算機上的小的攝像機使人們通過

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簡介：圖像處理英文文獻翻譯英語論文圖像處理英文文獻翻譯DIVIDESTHESHAPEALGORITHMTHEANALYSISANDTHEDESIGNHASSTUDIEDTHEMINUTESHAPEPICTUREANALYSISPROCESS,PROPOSEDTHEREASONABLEMINUTESHAPEPICTUREWITHDREWTHEFLOWTOCOMPLETEUSINGVISUALCBASEDONTHEWINDOWSPLATFORMMINUTESHAPEDIMENSIONCOMPUTATIONALPROCEDUREFRACTALDIMENSIONCALCULATIONPROGRAMFDCPTHEDESIGN,ANDBYTHESTRAIGHTLINE,KANTUO,3POINTARRAY,THEKOCHCURVEDIVISIONSHAPEGRAPHCARRIEDONTOITHASDEMARCATEDDIVIDESTHESHAPETHEORY14THEWIDESPREADAPPLICATIONRELIESONTOISDIVIDEDTHESHAPEPICTUREAMINUTESHAPEWHICHWITHDRAWS,PROCESSINGANDINTHEMINUTESHAPEDIMENSIONCOMPUTATIONREALITYEXISTSNEARLYALLISTHERANDOMMINUTESHAPE,ITSDIMENSIONCOMPUTATIONHASAGAUGEMINUTESHAPETHEDIMENSIONTOBEMUCHMORECOMPLEXTHAN,MOREOVERHASMANYDIFFERENTCOMPUTATIONALMETHODS,THEYALLNEEDTOCARRYONTHEMASSIVEIMAGEANALYSISANDTHESTATISTICALOPERATIONTHEREFORETHEESTABLISHMENTCOMPUTERPROGRAMCOMPLETESWORKANDSOONIMAGEANALYSIS,PROCESSINGANDMINUTESHAPEDIMENSIONCOMPUTATIONISSOLUTIONABOVEQUESTIONEFFECTIVEMEANSVISUALCISATPRESENTMOSTPOPULARPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGE,ITHASTHEOBJECTORIENTEDPROGRAMMING,SUPPORTSWINDOWSALLCHARACTERISTICS,THEPROBABILITYISGOODANDSOONMERITTHISARTICLEUSESVISUALTHECDESIGNBASEDONWINDOWSTHEPLATFORMFDCPPROCEDURE1MINUTESHAPEIMAGEANALYSISMATERIALSSCIENCEDOMAINMANYPROCESSESALLHAVETHEMASSIVERANDOMMINUTESHAPES,LIKETHEMATERIALBREAK,THELIQUIDMETALCOAGULATION,THETHINFILM,PICTURE,SEMANDTEMAPPEARANCELIKESANDSOONGENERALLYALLISTHESIMULATEDSIGNAL,MUSTFIRSTCOMPLETETHEDIGITIZEDPROCESS,THENDOESOTHERTHEINFORMATIONTOREMOVE,THUSWITHDRAWSTHEMINUTESHAPEGRAPHOBVIOUSLY,THISISAVERYCOMPLEXPROCESSMINUTESHAPEGRAPHWITHDRAWSTHEFLOWLIKECHART1TOSHOWFIRSTOBTAINSTHEMATERIALTESTSPECIMENTHEAPPEARANCEPICTURE,ASPRIMITIVEPICTUREUSINGEQUIPMENTANDSOONSCANNERPRIMITIVESEMORTEMANDSOONTHEAPPEARANCEPICTUREWILLINPUTINTHECOMPUTERANDBYTHECERTAINGRADATIONPICTUREDOCUMENTFORMATFOREXAMPLETIFF,BMP,PCXPRESERVESAFTERREMOVESTHENOISESIGNAL,CARRIESONCAREFULPROCESSINGTOTHEPICTUREENABLETHEPICTURETOHAVETHEAPPROPRIATECONTRASTGRADIENTCARRIESONTHEMINUTESHAPECHARACTERISTICUNDERTHEBESTCONTRASTGRADIENTCONDITIONWITHDRAWING,OBTAINSTHECORRESPONDINGMINUTESHAPEPICTUREORGRAPHBECAUSETHEWINDOWSOPERATINGSYSTEMISWIDELYUSED,THEBMPPICTUREFORMOBTAINSNEARLYPOSSESSESBASEDONTHEWINDOWSPLATFORMPICTURESOFTWARESUPPORT,THEREFORETHEMINUTESHAPEIMAGEANALYSISPROCEDUREUSESTHEBMPFORMTOCARRYONTHEDATASTORAGE,MOREOVERGENERALPICTUREPROCESSINGSOFTWAREGENERALLYALLCANCOMPLETEBETWEENTHEDIFFERENTPICTUREFORMTHETRANSFORMATIONBMPFORMPICTUREDOCUMENTTOBECOMPOSEDBY3PARTSPOSITIONCHARTARTICLEARTICLEBITMAPFILEHEADERCONSTRUCTIONOFDATA,POSITIONCHARTINFORMATIONBITMAPINFOCONSTRUCTIONOFDATAANDPOSITIONCHARTARRAYINFORMATIONANALYSISPOSITIONCHARTARTICLEARTICLEAFTERPOSITIONCHARTINFORMATIONCONSTRUCTIONOFDATA,CANCORRECTLYUSEINTHEPOSITIONCHARTARRAYTHEINFORMATIONMINUTESHAPEIMAGEANALYSISTOUSEVISUALWITHTHEMINUTEUYGURCOMPUTATIONALPROCEDURETHECLANGUAGEPROGRAMMING,TAKEWINDOWSASTHEWORKINGPLATFORMPOSITIONCHARTARRAYINFORMATIONHASRECORDEDTHEPICTUREEACHPICTUREELEMENTVALUEWHENTHEPRODUCTIONPICTURE,WINDOWSFROMTHEPICTURELEFTUNDERANGLESTARTSBYSCANLINETHEPICTURE,NAMELYFROMTOISLEFTRIGHT,FROMUNDERTOON,11RECORDEDTHESEBYTESTHEPICTUREPICTUREELEMENTVALUETOCOMPOSETHEPOSITIONCHARTARRAYINFORMATION,ITSRECORDINGORDERLIKECHART2SHOWEDTHEMINUTESHAPEPICTUREPRIMITIVEPICTUREGENERALLYALLISTHEGRADATIONPICTURECOLOREDPICTUREMAYPROCESSGRADATIONPICTURE,DIVIDEDTHESHAPECHARACTERISTICTOWITHDRAWMAINLYISJUDGESTHEDIFFERENTPICTURE1274圖像處理英文文獻翻譯ACCORDINGTOITSGRADATIONPROCEDURERELIABILITY,SEPARATELYUSEDTHESTRAIGHTLINE,THESQUARE,THEKOCHCURVE,KANTUO3POINTARRAYTHIS4KINDSTOHAVETHEGAUGEMINUTESHAPEGRAPHTHECOMPUTEDRESULTTOCARRYONTHECONFIRMATIONTOFDCPAMONG,STRAIGHTLINE,SQUAREANDKANTUO3POINTARRAYDIVIDEDTHESHAPEDIMENSIONCOMPUTEDRESULTANDTHETHEORYVALUESTRICTISEQUALCALCULATESTHE5THLEVELOFKOCHCURVEMINUTESHAPEDIMENSIONWITHTHEFDCPBOXMATHMODULE,RESULTLIKECHART6HASSHOWNMAYOBTAINFROMCHART6,FDCPTHECOMPUTATIONKOCHTUNELINESEGMENTSHAPEDIMENSIONWAS12166KOCHCURVETHEORYMINUTESHAPEDIMENSIONISDKOCHLN4/LN312619,BUTBECAUSETHEINFINITELEVELKOCHCURVEWASCANNOTRESULTIN,THEREFOREDEMARCATESUSESTHE5THLEVELOFKOCHCURVE,THECOMPUTEDRESULTINDICATEDFDCPUSEDINTOCALCULATEDIVIDESUYGURISTHERELIABLELITERATURE58SUCCESSFULLYTHECONTACTSURFACEMINUTESHAPEDIMENSIONWHICHGRADIENTFUNCTIONMATERIALEXISTEDTOMO/BETASIALONANDTA/BETAINTHESIALONHASCONDUCTEDTHERESEARCHWITHTHISARTICLEPROCEDUREMATHHASCALCULATEDCHARTWITHTHEFDCPPROCEDUREBOX3CTHECRYSTALDIMENSIONIS1694CHART3DAJINBIANDIMENSIONIS1388,RESULTLIKECHART7SHOWSTHUSITCANBESEEN,THEDIFFERENTRESEARCHOBJECTCONSTITUTESTHEMINUTESHAPEDIMENSIONISOBVIOUSLYDIFFERENT,THEREFORE,MUSTCORRECTLYSELECTTHERESEARCHTODIVIDETHESHAPEOBJECTANDTHECHOICEAPPROPRIATECOMPUTATIONALMETHOD3CONCLUSIONUNIONIMAGEANALYSISANDTHEPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGY,USEVISIBLEPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGEVISUALCDESIGNEDFDCPTHEPROCEDUREHADEASYBASEDONTHEWINDOWSPLATFORMMINUTESHAPEDIMENSIONCOMPUTATIONALPROCEDURETOMAINTAIN,MIGHTTHEEXPANSIONGOOD,THECONTACTSURFACEFRIENDLY,THETIMEEFFICIENCYANDTHESPATIALEFFICIENCYHIGH,DATASHARINGISGOODANDSOONTHEMERITWITHTHESTRAIGHTLINE,THESQUARE,THEKOCHCURVE,KANTUO,3POINTARRAYANDSOONHASTHEGAUGEMINUTESHAPEGRAPHTOCARRYONTOFDCPHASDEMARCATED,FINALLYINDICATEDFDCPUSEDINTOCALCULATETHEMINUTESHAPEDIMENSIONISRELIABLE圖像處理英文文獻翻譯分形算法的分析與設(shè)計研究了分形圖像的分析過程，提出合理的分形圖像提取流程．利用VISUALC完成了基于WINDOWS平臺的分形維數(shù)計算程序FRACTALDIMENSIONCALCULATIONPROGRAMFDCP的設(shè)計，并以直線、康托爾三分點集、科赫曲線等分形圖形對其進行了標定．分形理論1～4的廣泛應用依賴于分形圖像的提取、處理與分形維數(shù)的計算．現(xiàn)實中存在的分形幾乎都是無規(guī)分形，其維數(shù)的計算比有規(guī)分形的維數(shù)復雜得多，而且有許多不同的計算方法，它們都需要進行大量的圖像分析與統(tǒng)計運算．因此編制計算機程序來完成圖像分析、處理與分形維數(shù)計算等工作是解決上述問題的有效辦法．VISUALC是目前最為流行的程序設(shè)計語言，它具有面向?qū)ο缶幊獭⒅С諻INDOWS所有特性、可移植性好等優(yōu)點．本文采用VISUALC設(shè)計基于WINDOWS平臺的FDCP程序．1分形圖像分析材料科學領(lǐng)域的許多過程都存在著大量的無規(guī)分形，如材料的斷裂，液態(tài)金屬的凝固，薄膜的生長，材料的氧化、燒結(jié)與侵蝕等．但材料的初始圖像金相照片、巖相照片、SEM與TEM的形貌像等一般都是模擬信號，必須首先完成數(shù)字化過程，然后將其他干撓信息去除，從而提取出分形圖形．顯然，這是一個很復雜的過程．分形圖形提取流程如圖1所示．首先獲得材料試樣的形貌像，作為原始圖像；利用掃描儀等設(shè)備將原始的SEM或TEM等形貌像輸入計算機中并以一定的灰度圖像文件格式如TIFF，BMP，PCX保存；去除噪音信號后，對圖像進行細致處理使圖像具有合適的對比度；在最佳的對比度狀態(tài)下進行分形特征的提取，得到相應的分形圖像或圖形．由于WINDOWS操作系統(tǒng)被廣泛使用，BMP圖像格式得到幾乎所有基于WINDOWS平臺圖像軟件的支持，因此分形圖像分析程序采用BMP格式進行數(shù)據(jù)存貯，而且通用的圖像處理軟件一般都能完成不同圖像格式之間的轉(zhuǎn)換．BMP格式的圖像文件由3個部分組成位圖文件頭BITMAPFILEHEADER數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)、位圖信息BITMAPINFO數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)和位圖陣列信息．分析位圖文件頭與位圖信息數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)之后，才能正確地利用位圖陣列中的信息．分形

簡介：員工激勵機制外文文獻翻譯員工激勵機制外文文獻翻譯含英文原文及中文譯文含英文原文及中文譯文文獻出處文獻出處PUBLICPERSONNELMANAGEMENT,122159166原文原文PERFORMANCEAPPRAISALASAGUIDEFORTRAININGANDDEVELOPMENTARESEARCHNOTEONTHEIOWAPERFORMANCEEVALUATIONSYSTEMDENNISDALEYIOWASTATEUNIVERSITYTHISPAPEREXAMINESONEFACETOFPERFORMANCEAPPRAISALITSUSEASAGUIDEFORTHEDRAFTINGOFEMPLOYEETRAININGANDDEVELOPMENTPLANSTHESCOPEISLIMITEDINTHATITEXCLUDESANYCONSIDERATIONASTOWHETHERTHESEPLANSAREACTUALLYIMPLEMENTEDOURINTERESTFOCUSESONLYONTHEEXTENTTOWHICHSUPERVISORSENDEAVORTOASSISTEMPLOYEESINCORRECTINGOROVERCOMINGWEAKNESSESANDINENHANCINGORDEVELOPINGPERCEIVEDSTRENGTHSTHEFINDINGSREPORTEDHEREAREBASEDONA1981MONITORINGOFTHEPERFORMANCEAPPRAISALSYSTEMUSEDBYTHESTATEOFIOWAASCIVILSERVICEREFORMHASBEENINSTITUTEDINONEJURISDICTIONAFTERANOTHERINORDERTOFURTHERASSUREOBJECTIVE,PERFORMANCEBASEDPERSONNELPRACTICES,PERFORMANCEAPPRAISALHASEMERGEDASONEOFTHEKEYISSUESINTHEPERSONNELMANAGEMENTOFTHE1980STHISHEIGHTENEDSENSEOFIMPORTANCEANDSERIOUSNESSHAS,INTURN,LEDTOARENEWEDINTERESTINTHESTUDYOFTHEACTUALWORKINGSOFPERFORMANCEAPPRAISALSYSTEMSTHEUSESTOWHICHPERFORMANCEAPPRAISALCANBEPUTAREMYRIADTHERECENTCIVILSERVICEREFORMACTOF1978SERVESASAMODELINTHISRESPECTHEREWEFINDENUNCIATEDWHATMAYBETAKENASTHETYPICALORIENTATIONTOWARDTHEUSESOFPERFORMANCEAPPRAISAL,RECOMMENDINGTHATPERSONNELMANAGERSANDSUPERVISORS“USETHERESULTSOFPERFORMANCEAPPRAISALASABASISFORTRAINING,REWARDING,REASSIGNING,PROMOTING,REDUCINGINGRADE,RETAINING,ANDREMOVINGEMPLOYEES“PERFORMANCEAPPRAISALSYSTEMSCANALSOSERVETOVALIDATEPERSONNELTESTINGANDSELECTIONPROCEDURES,ALTHOUGHSUCHSYSTEMSARETHEMSELVESALSOSUBJECTTOAFFIRMATIVEACTIONVALIDATIONREQUIREMENTSDEPARTMENTSANDAGENCIESRETAINEDDESCRETIONOVERTHECHOICEOFSUCHPERSONNELPRACTICESUNTILWELLINTOTHE1960SUNDERGOVERNORHAROLDHUGHES1963一1969ANUMBEROFEFFORTSWEREUNDERTAKENTOSTRENGTHENTHEEXECUTIVEAMONGTHESEREFORMSWASTHECREATIONOFTHESTATEMERITSYSTEMOFPERSONNELADMINISTRATION,ADMINISTEREDBYTHEIOWAMERITEMPLOYMENTDEPARTMENT,IN1967EVENSO,THEREWERENUMEROUSEXEMPTIONSLIMITINGTHEEXTENTOFITSCOVERAGE,BOTHINTERMSOFSEPARATEMERITSYSTEMSOUTSIDEITSJURISDICTIONANDOFPATRONAGEAPPOINTMENTSTHEEXECUTIVEREFORMMOVEMENTWASCONTINUEDTHROUGHOUTTHELENGTHYSERVICEOFGOVERNORROBERTRAY19691983STRONGEXECUTIVESUPPORTWASPLACEDBEHINDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEPERSONNELSYSTEMGOVERNORRAYUNSUCCESSFULLYADVOCATEDEXPANDINGTHEIMEDJURISDICTIONTHROUGHTHEELIMINATIONOFTHEEXISTINGCOVERAGEEXEMPTIONSANDBYINTEGRATINGTHESEPARATEMERITSYSTEMSINTOANEXECUTIVEPERSONNELDEPARTMENTNOTWITHSTANDINGTHESOMEWHAT1IMITEDSUCCESSOFRECENTIOWAGOVERNORS,THEBASISFORAPROFESSIONALIZEDPUBLICSERVICEWASESTABLISHEDDURINGTHOSEYEARSONEREFLECTIONOFTHISBASISISTHEFACTTHATTHEUSEOFASTATEWIDEAPPRAISALBYOBJECTIVESSYSTEMWASINAUGURATEDIN1977THEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHISSYSTEMFOLLOWEDTHEINTRODUCTIONOFTHEMANAGEMENTBYOBJECTIVESCONCEPTAMONGANUMBEROFTHELARGERSTATEAGENCIESSINCEAPPRAISALBYOBJECTIVESISASPECIFICAPPLICATIONOREXTENSIONOFTHEMBOAPPROACH,ITWASFELTTHATBYTHISMEANSEXECUTIVESUPPORTFORPERFORMANCEAPPRAISALCOULDBEMOREREADILYOBTAINEDITISKNOWN,OFCOURSE,THATTHELACKOFMANAGERIALSUPPORTISASIGNIFICANTCONTRIBUTINGFACTORINTHEFAILUREOFMANYPERFORMANCEAPPRAISALSYSTEMSTHEIOWAPERFORMANCEEVALUATIONSYSTEMISANIDEALTYPICALDESCRIPTIVEEXAMPLEOFTHEAPPRAISALBYOBJECTIVESTECHNIQUETHEINTRODUCTIONOFTHISAPPROACHIN1977WASACCOMPAINEDBYASERIESOFTRAININGSESSIONSBURKE,1977ANDSUPPORTEDWITHSUPERVISORYANDEMPLOYEEHANDBOOKSHOWEVER,TRAININGFORNEWSUPERVISORSANDPERIODIC“REFRESHERCOURSES“APPEARTOHAVEBEENGIVENALOWPRIORITYINIOWA,ASISGENERALLYTHECASEINPUBLICSECTORPERSONNELSYSTEMSIOWASUSEOFAPPRAISALBYOBJECTIVESISDESIGNEDASAPARTICIPATORYSYSTEMEMPLOYEEPARTICIPATIONISAHALLMARK