簡介：英文部分COMPUTERIZEDTOOTHPROFILEGENERATIONOFELLIPTICALGEARSMANUFACTUREDBYSHAPERCUTTERSBIINGWENBAIRDEPARTMENTOFMECHANICALENGINEERING,NATIONALLIENHOINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY,ABSTRACTTHISWORKSIMULATESANELLIPTICALGEARDRIVE,THEAXISOFROTATIONOFWHICHISCOINCIDENTWITHITSGEOMETRICCENTER,MANUFACTUREDBYSHAPERCUTTERSTHEMATHEMATICALMODELOFANELLIPTICALGEARISDEVELOPEDBASEDONTHETHEORYOFGEARINGANDGEARGENERATIONMECHANISMSINADDITION,THETOOTHUNDERCUTTINGOFTHEGEARISALSOINVESTIGATEDBASEDONTHEDEVELOPEDMATHEMATICALMODELOFTHEELLIPTICALGEAR,ITSUNITNORMALVECTORSANDANUMERICALMETHODAGEOMETRICRELATIONSHIPISDEVELOPEDANDAPPLIEDTOPREVENTTHEOCCURRENCEOFPOINTEDTEETHONELLIPTICALGEARSFURTHER,THISSTUDYALSODEVELOPSCOMPUTERSIMULATIONPROGRAMSTOGENERATETHETOOTHPROFILEOFELLIPTICALGEARSWITHOUTTOOTHUNDERCUTTINGANDPOINTEDTEETHCOMPARISONOFTHEANGULARVELOCITYVARIATIONSOFTHEELLIPTICALGEARDRIVESISALSOMADETHERESULTSSHOWTHATTHEDEVELOPEDELLIPTICALGEARDRIVECANBEUTILIZEDASANOILPUMPWITHALARGERPUMPINGVOLUMEANDLESSANGULARVELOCITYVARIATION?2002ELSEVIERSCIENCEBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSELLIPTICALGEARSUNDERCUTTINGPOINTEDTEETH1INTRODUCTIONANELLIPTICALGEARDRIVE,THEROTATIONCENTEROFWHICHCOINCIDESWITHONEOFITSFOCI,ISKINEMATICALLYEQUIVALENTTOTHECROSSEDLINK,ANDCANBEUSEDTOPRODUCEIRREGULARROTATIONSINADDITION,ITISWELLKNOWNFORPROVIDINGEXCELLENTCHARACTERISTICSSUCHASACCURATETRANSMISSION,COMPACTSIZE,ANDEASEOFDYNAMICBALANCEHENCE,ELLIPTICALGEARDRIVESHAVEBEENAPPLIEDSUCCESSFULLYINVARIOUSTYPESOFAUTOMATICMACHINERY,QUICKRETURNMECHANISMS,PACKAGINGMACHINES,ANDPRINTINGPRESSES1THISTYPEOFGEARINGCANALSOBEUSEDTODEVELOPNONCIRCULARGEARS,WHICHBELONGTOHIGHORDERELLIPTICALPITCHCURVESSECONDORDERELLIPTICALGEARDRIVES,THEROTATIONCENTEROFWHICHCOINCIDESWITHONEOFITSFOCI,CANFINDUSEINTHEDESIGNOFINSTRUMENTSSUCHASPUMPSANDFLOWMETERS1HOWEVER,THISTYPEOFGEARSETHASTWOSPEEDCHANGESFOREACHREVOLUTION,THESETWOCYCLEVARIATIONSINDUCINGAWAVEFLUCTUATIONTHATISSOROTATIONAXISISONEOFITSFOCI,ISONEINWHICHTHEDRIVINGELLIPTICALGEARPERFORMSNREVOLUTIONSFORONEREVOLUTIONOFTHEDRIVENNONCIRCULARGEARASECONDORDERELLIPTICALGEARTYPE2ISDEFINEDASN2UNDERTHESAMEECCENTRICITYANDMAJORAXIS,THESIZEOFTHETYPE1ELLIPTICALGEARSISSMALLERTHANTHATOFTHETYPE2FURTHER,IFTHETYPE1ELLIPTICALGEARSETISAPPLIEDTOOILPUMPS,THEWAVEFLUCTUATIONOFTHEPUMPINGOILISSMALLERANDSMOOTHERTHANTHATOFTHEOTHERTYPETHEELLIPTICALGEARTOOTHPROFILEISUSUALLYPRODUCEDBYAHOBBINGORSHAPINGMACHINEWITHAHOBCUTTERORSHAPERCUTTERTHISSTUDYSIMULATESTHEMANUFACTUREOFELLIPTICALGEARSVIAASHAPERCUTTERONASHAPINGMACHINEITISKNOWNTHATIFASPURGEARISPRODUCEDBYASHAPER,THEPROFILEOFTHESHAPERCUTTERSHOULDBETHESAMEASTHATOFTHEMATINGSPURGEARTHEREFORE,THEMATHEMATICALMODELOFASHAPERCUTTERISTHESAMEASTHATOFASPURGEAR,WHICHCANBEDERIVEDFROMTHEGENERATIONMECHANISMWITHARACKCUTTERACCORDINGTOTHETHEORYOFGEARING,THEMATHEMATICALMODELSOFELLIPTICALGEARTOOTHPROFILES,WHICHROTATEABOUTTHEIRGEOMETRICCENTERTYPE1,AREDEVELOPEDBASEDONTHEPROPOSEDGENERATIONMECHANISMWITHSHAPERCUTTERSDUETOTHECOMPLEXCHARACTERISTICSOFTHISTYPEOFELLIPTICALGEAR,UNDERCUTTINGANDPOINTEDTEETHMAYEXISTONITSTOOTHPROFILETHETOOTHUNDERCUTTINGOFTHISTYPEOFELLIPTICALGEARISAFFECTEDBYITSPRESSUREANGLE,NUMBEROFTEETH,MODULE,ANDMAJORAXISTHESTRENGTHOFTHEGEARTOOTHROOTCANBEINCREASEDBYAPPLYINGAPOSITIVESHIFTEDMODIFICATIONFORTHECUTTERDURINGTHEGEARGENERATIONHOWEVER,ANOVERPOSITIVESHIFTEDMODIFICATIONMAYRESULTINTHEAPPEARANCEOFPOINTEDTEETHPOINTEDTEETHAREGENERATEDWHENTHERIGHTANDLEFTSIDEINVOLUTETOOTHPROFILESINTERSECTONORBELOWTHEADDENDUMCIRCLEOFTHEGEARFURTHER,THEPOINTEDTEETHAREUSUALLYGENERATEDONTHETWOMAJORAXISOFANELLIPTICALGEARIFAPROFILEINDEXISDEFINEDTOPREVENTPOINTEDTEETHGENERATIONONTHETWOMAJORAXISOFANELLIPTICALGEAR,THENNOOTHERPOINTEDTOOTHWILLBEGENERATEDFORALLELLIPTICALGEARPROFILESTHUS,THECOMPUTERPROGRAMDEVELOPEDHERECANCALCULATEANDPROVIDEPROPERDESIGNPARAMETERSFORTHEDESIGNEDELLIPTICALGEARSTOAVOIDTOOTHUNDERCUTTINGANDPOINTEDTEETH2MATHEMATICALMODELOFTHEELLIPTICALGEARSURFACESSHAPERCUTTERSAREUSEDTOGENERATEELLIPTICALGEARS,ANDTHEPROFILESOFSHAPERCUTTERSARETHESAMEASTHOSEOFSPURGEARSHENCE,THEMATHEMATICALMODELOFTHESHAPERCUTTERISTHESAMEASTHATOFTHESPURGEAR,WHICHISGENERATEDFROMRACKCUTTERSACOMPLETEELLIPTICALGEARTOOTHPROFILECONSISTSOFTHREESURFACEREGIONS,IETHEWORKINGREGION,THEFILLETANDTHEBOTTOM

簡介：外文原文和譯文15THIFACWORLDCONGRESSONAUTOMATICCONTROL,BARCELONA,SPAIN,JULY2002TRUETIMESIMULATIONOFCONTROLLOOPSUNDESHAREDCOMPUTERRESOURCESDANHENRIKSSON,ANTONCERVIN,KARLERIK?RZéNDEPARTMENTOFAUTOMATICCONTROLLUNDINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGYBOX118,SE22100LUND,SWEDEN{DAN,ANTON,KARLERIK}CONTROLLTHSEABSTRACTTHEPAPERPRESENTSTRUETIME,AMATLAB/SIMULINKBASEDSIMULATORFORREALTIMECONTROLSYSTEMSTRUETIMEMAKESITPOSSIBLETOSIMULATETHETEMPORALBEHAVIOROFMULTITASKINGREALTIMEKERNELSCONTAININGCONTROLLERTASKSANDTOSTUDYTHEEFFECTSOFCPUANDNETWORKSCHEDULINGONCONTROLPERFORMANCETHESIMULATEDREALTIMEKERNELISEVENTDRIVENANDCANHANDLEEXTERNALINTERRUPTSASWELLASFINEGRAINEDDETAILSSUCHASCONTEXTSWITCHESARBITRARYSCHEDULINGPOLICIESMAYBEDEFINED,ANDTHECONTROLTASKSMAYBEIMPLEMENTEDUSINGCFUNCTIONS,MFUNCTIONS,ORSIMULINKBLOCKDIAGRAMSANUMBEROFEXAMPLESTHATILLUSTRATETHEUSEOFTRUETIMEAREPRESENTED1INTRODUCTIONMOSTCOMPUTERCONTROLSYSTEMSAREEMBEDDEDSYSTEMSWHERETHECOMPUTERISACOMPONENTWITHINALARGERENGINEERINGSYSTEMTHECONTROLLERSAREOFTENIMPLEMENTEDASONEORSEVERALTASKSONAMICROPROCESSORUSINGAREALTIMEKERNELORAREALTIMEOPERATINGSYSTEMDRTOSEINMOSTCASESTHEMICROPROCESSORALSOCONTAINSOTHERTASKSFOROTHERFUNCTIONS,EG,COMMUNICATIONANDUSERINTERFACESTHEKERNELOROSTYPICALLYUSESMULTIPROGRAMMINGTOMULTIPLEXTHEEXECUTIONOFTHEDIFFERENTTASKSONASINGLECPUTHECPUTIMEANDTHECOMMUNICATIONBANDWIDTH,HENCE,CANBEVIEWEDASSHAREDRESOURCESWHICHTHETASKSCOMPETEFORCOMPUTERBASEDCONTROLTHEORYNORMALLYASSUMESEQUIDISTANTSAMPLINGFLEXIBLEAPPROACHESTODYNAMICSCHEDULING,EG,FEEDBACKSCHEDULINGEKERETAL,2000ANDQUALITYOFSERVICEQOSBASEDSCHEDULINGAPPROACHES,ANDTOSIMULATEEVENTBASEDCONTROLSYSTEMS,EG,COMBUSTIONENGINECONTROLSYSTEMSANDDISTRIBUTEDCONTROLLERSFIGURE1THEINTERFACESTOTHESIMULINKBLOCKSTHESCHEDULEANDMONITORSPORTSPROVIDEPLOTSOFTHEALLOCATIONOFCOMMONRESOURCESCPU,MONITORS,NETWORKDURINGTHESIMULATION11RELATEDWORKWHILENUMEROUSTOOLSEXISTTHATSUPPORTEITHERSIMULATIONOFCONTROLSYSTEMSEGSIMULINKORSIMULATIONOFREALTIMESCHEDULINGEGSTRESSAUDSLEYETAL,1994GANDDRTSSSTORCHANDLIU,1996VERYFEWTOOLSSUPPORTCOSIMULATIONOFCONTROLSYSTEMSANDREALTIMESCHEDULINGANEARLY,TICKBASEDPROTOTYPEOFTRUETIMEWASPRESENTEDINEKERANDCERVIN,1999SINCEITWASNOTEVENTBASEDTHISEARLYVERSIONHADVERYLITTLESUPPORTFORINTERRUPTHANDLINGANDCOULDNOTHANDLEFINEGRAINEDSIMULATIONDETAILSALSO,THEREWASNOSUPPORTFORSIMULATIONOFNETWORKSTHERTSIMREALTIMESCHEDULINGSIMULATORASTANDALONECPROGRAMHASRECENTLYBEENEXTENDEDWITHANUMERICALMODULEBASEDONTHEOCTAVELIBRARYTHATSUPPORTSSIMULATIONOFCONTINUOUSDYNAMICS,SEEPALOPOLIETAL,2000HOWEVER,ITLACKSAGRAPHICALPLANTMODELINGENVIRONMENT,ANDSO

簡介：附錄三英文文獻(xiàn)英文文獻(xiàn)MEASUREMENTSCIENCEREVIEW,VOLUME1,NUMBER1,2001MEASUREMENTSOFSELECTEDPARAMETERSOFAHYDRAULICPUMPBYMEANSOFACOMPUTERBASEDMEASURINGSYSTEMTADEUSZZLOTO1,ZYGMUNTBIERNACKI2,MAREKKURKOWSKI2,1INSTITUTEOFMACHINETECHNOLOGYANDPRODUCTIONAUTOMATION,CZESTOCHOWATECHNICALUNIVERSITY,ALARMIIKRAJOWEJ21,42200CZESTOCHOWA,POLAND,EMAILZLOTOITMPCZCZESTPL2INSTITUTEOFELECTRONICSANDCONTROLSYSTEMS,CZESTOCHOWATECHNICALUNIVERSITY,ALARMIIKRAJOWEJ17,42200CZESTOCHOWA,POLAND,EMAILBIERNACELPCZCZESTPL,MAREKEKBPOCZTAONETPLABSTRACTTHEBASICCHARACTERISTICPARAMETERSOFTHEPUMPOPERATIONAREPRESENTEDTHEPARAMETERSAREMONITOREDBYACOMPUTERBASEDMEASURINGSYSTEMATAHYDRAULICSTANDTHESTRUCTUREOFTHEMEASURINGSYSTEMANDTHECONSTRUCTIONOFTHEMEASURINGCONVERTERSAPPLIEDINTHESYSTEMAREDESCRIBED1INTRODUCTIONDUETOTHEIRIMPORTANTADVANTAGES,HYDRAULICDRIVESANDCONTROLSARECOMMONLYAPPLIEDINANUMBEROFFIELDSOFMECHANICALENGINEERINGTHESTILLINCREASINGDEMANDFORHYDRAULICDRIVESENCOURAGESRESEARCHONNEWCONSTRUCTIONALSOLUTIONSINTENDEDTOIMPROVEOPERATINGPARAMETERS,EFFICIENCYANDTOLOWERPRODUCTIONCOSTDETERMINEVOLUMETRICEFFICIENCYOFTHEPUMPASARATIOOFREALFLOWINTENSITYTOTHEORETICALFLOWINTENSITY21TSSRZVTTTQQQQQQQN???????THEHYDRAULICMECHANICALLOSSES,ONTHEOTHERHAND,CAUSETHEREALTORQUEAPPLIEDTOTHEPUMPSHAFTTOBEGREATERTHANTHETHEORETICALTORQUETHISKINDOFLOSSISASSOCIATEDWITHTHEFLOWRESISTANCEOFTHEOPERATINGAGENTINTHEINTERNALCHANNELSOFTHEPUMPASWEELASWITHFRICTIONLOSSESOCCURRINGONTHESURFACEOFALLTHEMOVINGPARTSSINCEITISDIFFICULTTODIFFERENTIATEBETWEENTHELOSSESRESULTINGFROMTHETWOSOURCESMENTIONEDABOVE,THEYARECONSIDEREDJOINTLYASHYDRAULICMECHANICALEFFICIENCY,WHICHMAYBEEXPRESSEDASTHELOSSTORQUETHEREALTORQUECANBEREPRESENTEDASASUMOFTHETHEORETICALTORQUEANDTHELOSSTORQUE3RZTSMMM??THEHYDRAULICMECHANICALEFFICIENCYOFTHEPUMPISDEFINEDAS411TTHMSRZTSTMMMMMMM??????ULTIMATELY,THETOTALEFFICIENCYOFTHEPUMPISEQUALTOTHERATIOOFTHEC?EFFECTIVEPOWERTOTHEPOWERSUPPLIEDTOTHEPUMPSHAFT5ERZNN??AFTERTRANSFORMATIONSTHEFOLLOWINGWASOBTAINED622NVRZVVHMRZRZQNPQPNMM???????????????????THUS,THETOTALPUMPEFFICIENCYISTHEPRODUCTOFVOLUMETRICEFFICIENCYV?

簡介：1使用基于重構(gòu)計(jì)算機(jī)平臺的FPGA分析高性能功率譜摘要功率譜分析是一種提供信號關(guān)鍵信息的重要工具。應(yīng)用的范圍包括通信系統(tǒng)到DNA測序。如果傳輸信號存在干擾，這可能是由于自然原因或疊加因素影響。在后一種情況下，其早期檢測和分析變得非常重要。在這種情況下有一個(gè)小觀察窗，在功率譜中快速查找可以顯示大量的信息，包括頻率和干擾源。在本文，我們提出基于重構(gòu)平臺FPGA功率譜分析的設(shè)計(jì)。這樣就可以達(dá)到實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)采集和對小時(shí)域輸入信號的采樣處理。處理過程包括通過一個(gè)輸入值的集合來計(jì)算其功率，平均值和峰值。該平臺支持四路輸入通道同步采集。1緒論功率譜信號的概念和使用是基礎(chǔ)工程，應(yīng)用在通信系統(tǒng)中、微波和雷達(dá)。最近，它也被用在不同的領(lǐng)域,如基因識別。在一個(gè)典型的發(fā)送接收信號系統(tǒng)中,如果接收到的信號是純粹的、就像預(yù)期的那樣,那么就沒有必要過濾。然而，在另一方面，一些干擾覆蓋所接收的信號，可能需要一定的分析，以了解更多的干擾。由于干擾往往增加接收電波的額外功率，功率成為了分析這類問題有用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。運(yùn)用逆向工程技術(shù),輸入信號的過剩電量信息可以幫助尋找接口的特點(diǎn),如頻率、電源等。一個(gè)功率譜表現(xiàn)各種頻率成分的大小的一個(gè)信號。通過看譜,你能看到多少能量或功率是包含在信號的頻率成分內(nèi)的。分析及評價(jià)功率譜是隔離噪音的其中一種方式。有一些產(chǎn)生功率譜的技巧,最常見的一種是通過使用傅里葉變換，其他技術(shù),如小波變換或最大熵方法也可以被使用。經(jīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,確定功率譜可以有三種方法（1）使用頻譜和信號分析儀一個(gè)商業(yè)專用的工具，顯示實(shí)時(shí)功率譜。（2）使用微機(jī)信號分析儀插件卡。（3）通過數(shù)字化的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)和一個(gè)執(zhí)行快速傅立葉變換（FFT）臺式機(jī)。從成本和復(fù)雜性的角度,對上述三個(gè)選擇降序排列,然而從靈活性考慮,他們是升序排列的。專用分析儀是有時(shí)候使用,但他們可能不符合成本效益及靈活性或者當(dāng)觀察期很短時(shí)，能力不夠提取相關(guān)干擾,一般而言,第二個(gè)選擇提供了額外的靈活性,特別是現(xiàn)場可編程門陣列FPGA的使用。本文中我們提出我們的設(shè)計(jì)的一個(gè)非常強(qiáng)大的可重構(gòu)計(jì)算基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)為解決復(fù)雜信號的功能和實(shí)時(shí)分析。雖然這個(gè)作品作為一個(gè)工作站的附加卡，它是非常強(qiáng)大，靈活和相對低成本。功率譜分析使用由我們開發(fā)的多通道數(shù)據(jù)采集和信號處理上進(jìn)行一些數(shù)據(jù)通道同時(shí)運(yùn)作四個(gè)模塊。該解決方案允許基于FPGA的實(shí)時(shí)采集和輸入信號的來樣加工。經(jīng)過數(shù)據(jù)采集和分析，基于選定的選項(xiàng)，數(shù)據(jù)傳遞到主機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上。同時(shí)我們的卡上進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)支持每個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)流上四通道復(fù)雜的運(yùn)算法則。本文開始我們簡單的討論了功率譜分析力學(xué)。第三節(jié)概述了可重構(gòu)計(jì)算和用于這種工作的卡。第四和第五章中,我們分別討論了我們的實(shí)現(xiàn)方案用于功率譜分析的基礎(chǔ)上重構(gòu)FPGA硬件和實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置。最后，本文總結(jié)并指出了今后改進(jìn)的方向。3為可重構(gòu)計(jì)算卡系統(tǒng)軟件接口實(shí)現(xiàn)了紅帽LINUX操作系統(tǒng)。它提供的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸和控制卡，不論預(yù)期的應(yīng)用方面的所有基本功能。該設(shè)備驅(qū)動(dòng)程序執(zhí)行資源管理和服務(wù)來分配/釋放DMA緩沖區(qū)。該系統(tǒng)軟件還提供基本服務(wù)的配置，安裝/免費(fèi)資源，輸入數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送，接收輸出數(shù)據(jù)，計(jì)算等發(fā)起。4功率頻譜分析儀對可重構(gòu)計(jì)算功率頻譜分析儀的應(yīng)用主要有兩部分組成一個(gè)運(yùn)行在主機(jī)系統(tǒng)上和另一個(gè)運(yùn)行在連接到主機(jī)的RC卡。主機(jī)控制應(yīng)用程序的初始設(shè)置。原始輸入數(shù)據(jù)是預(yù)先由RC卡處理，以及電力，平均功率和峰值功率值確定主機(jī)控制應(yīng)用程序的初始設(shè)置。原始輸入數(shù)據(jù)是預(yù)先由RC卡處理，以及電力，平均功率和峰值功率值決定的。在主機(jī)上執(zhí)行由RC產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)過處理的數(shù)據(jù)后處理等操作。這是必須完成的功率譜分析如圖1所示，輸入的LVDS數(shù)據(jù)流是由機(jī)載接收機(jī)處理，為計(jì)算引擎兼容的信號。功率譜計(jì)算塊駐留在XCV800計(jì)算的FPGA如圖2所示。它由六個(gè)主要部分組成輸入采樣器和緩沖器，多通道FFT單元，信道分離器和功率計(jì)算單元，平均和峰值功率的計(jì)算單位，時(shí)間標(biāo)記和控制，以及XCV800XCV300接口。在下面的小節(jié)中，我們描述這些組件的應(yīng)用程序。圖2計(jì)算功率譜分析儀上實(shí)現(xiàn)FPGA41輸入采樣和緩沖頻譜分析儀應(yīng)用程序需要四個(gè)輸入，每有一個(gè)4位數(shù)據(jù)寬度LVDS通道。但是，只有八個(gè)頻道專門為差分線。時(shí)分復(fù)用的通道是成雙成對CHANNEL1和CHANNEL2運(yùn)行在四條線上,而CHANNEL3和CHANNEL4在余下的四線。一個(gè)時(shí)鐘,作為閘門的選擇提供參考。數(shù)據(jù)采樣單元在時(shí)鐘的上升沿或下降沿發(fā)生變化。該通道復(fù)用輸入的數(shù)據(jù)傳遞到采樣單位，解復(fù)用，并轉(zhuǎn)交通道緩沖器，以及對輸入數(shù)據(jù)緩沖區(qū)。從通道緩沖器的數(shù)據(jù)輸入到FFT區(qū)塊，而從輸入數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)據(jù)緩沖區(qū)在SDRAM中。

簡介：TSINGHUASCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYISSN1007021412/67PP7177VOLUME13,NUMBERS1,OCTOBER2008COMPUTERSIMULATIONOFDYNAMICINTERACTIONSBETWEENVEHICLEANDLONGSPANBOXGIRDERBRIDGESLEIGONG,MOESCHEUNGDEPARTMENTOFCIVILENGINEERING,UNIVERSITYOFOTTAWA,OTTAWA,ON,K1N6N5,CANADAABSTRACTMOVINGVEHICLELOADS,ASSOCIATEDWITHROADWAYTRAFFICCANINDUCESIGNIFICANTDYNAMICEFFECTSONTHESTRUCTURALBEHAVIOURSOFBRIDGES,ESPECIALLYFORLONGSPANBRIDGESTHEMAINOBJECTIVEOFCURRENTRESEARCHISTOSTUDYTRAFFICINDUCEDDYNAMICRESPONSESOFLONGSPANBOXGIRDERBRIDGESTHEFINITEELEMENTMETHODHASBEENEMPLOYEDINTHISSTUDYTOOBTAINATHREEDIMENSIONALMATHEMATICALMODELFORTHEBRIDGESYSTEMFORVEHICLEBRIDGEDYNAMICINTERACTIONANALYSIS,THEVEHICLEISMODELEDASAMOREREALISTICTHREEAXLE,SIXWHEELSYSTEM,ANDTHECORRESPONDINGDYNAMICINTERACTIONEQUATIONSHAVEBEENDERIVEDTHEBRIDGEVEHICLEINTERACTIONISAFFECTEDBYMANYFACTORSTHECURRENTSTUDYHASBEENFOCUSEDONSUCHFACTORSASVEHICLESPEED,VEHICLEDAMPINGRATIO,MULTIPLETRAFFICLANES,MASSRATIOOFVEHICLEANDBRIDGE,ANDDYNAMICCHARACTERISTICSOFBRIDGECASESTUDIESHAVEBEENCONDUCTEDTOINVESTIGATETHESEFACTORSBYUSINGSEVERALBOXGIRDERBRIDGEEXAMPLESINCLUDINGCONFEDERATIONBRIDGE,THELONGESTBOXGIRDERBRIDGEINTHEWORLDKEYWORDSVIBRATIONBOXGIRDERBRIDGELONGSPANBRIDGEVEHICLEINTERACTIONFINITEELEMENTANALYSISINTRODUCTIONBOXGIRDERANDDECKTYPEBRIDGESHAVEBEENPROVENTOBEVERYEFFICIENTSTRUCTURALFORMSFORMEDIUMTOLONGSPANBRIDGESTHESEBRIDGESNORMALLYCONSISTOFINTERCONNECTEDPLATEELEMENTSOFEITHERPRESTRESSEDORREINFORCEDCONCRETE,ORSTRUCTURALSTEEL,ORACOMBINATIONOFTHEM,WHICHPROVIDESUFFICIENTFLEXURALANDTORSIONALSTRENGTHTORESISTAPPLIEDLOADSBOXGIRDERBRIDGESAREUSUALLYAESTHETICALLYPLEASINGANDCANBEEASILYCONSTRUCTEDTOFOLLOWANYREQUIREDALIGNMENTINPLANANDREQUIRERELATIVELYSMALLAMOUNTOFMAINTENANCEBOXGIRDERBRIDGESTENDTOBESLENDERANDMOREFLEXIBLETHANOTHERTYPESOFBRIDGESTHEREFORE,ATTENTIONMUSTBEPAIDTOTHEAVOIDANCEOFEXCESSIVEACCELERATIONANDDYNAMICDEFLECTIONS,WHICHMAYCAUSEPEDESTRIAN’SDISCOMFORTANDCONCERNUSUALLY,DYNAMICDEFLECTIONSAREMOREPRONOUNCEDINBRIDGESWITHTORSIONALDOMINANTMODES,ESPECIALLYATSIDEWALKLOCATIONSSUCHMODESTENDTOHAVEMOREDETRIMENTALEFFECTSONHUMANRESPONSESTOVIBRATIONSANDCOMFORTLEVELOFPEDESTRIANSUSINGTHEBRIDGE1THEACCELERATIONLEVELOFABRIDGEISALSODIRECTLYRELATEDTOTHEGOVERNINGVIBRATIONMODESINCEACCELERATIONHASASIGNIFICANTEFFECTONHUMANSENSATIONANDPEDESTRIANCOMFORT,THETORSIONALMODEMUSTBEAVOIDEDATALLCOSTSINRECENTYEARS,CONSIDERABLEEFFORTSHAVEBEENMADEINORDERTOBETTERUNDERSTANDTHEDYNAMICBEHAVIOROFBOXGIRDERBRIDGESWITHTRAFFICLOADSINTHEPREVIOUSSTUDIES,THEVEHICLEHASUSUALLYBEENMODELEDASMOVINGLOAD,MOVINGMASSORSPRUNGMASSONLYAFEWRESEARCHERSHAVEADOPTED3DVEHICLEMODELMOSTOFTHEPREVIOUSSTUDIESFOCUSONSHORTTOMEDIUMSPANBOXGIRDERBRIDGES,ANDLITTLEINFORMATIONISAVAILABLEFORLONGSPANBOXGIRDERBRIDGESSOMEOFTHEKEYPARAMETERSSUCHASVEHICLESPEEDANDDYNAMICPROPERTIESOFBRIDGEHAVEINVESTIGATEDPREVIOUSLYHOWEVER,VERYRECEIVED20080530TOWHOMCORRESPONDENCESHOULDBEADDRESSEDEMAILMSCHEUNGUSTHKTEL85223587125LEIGONGETALCOMPUTERSIMULATIONOFDYNAMICINTERACTIONSBETWEENVEHICLE73ATTACHEDTOTHETHREEAXLESTHETRAILERWITHCONCENTRATEDMASSM2ISPINCONNECTEDTOTHETRACTORWITHCONCENTRATEDMASSM1ATPOINTDTHEDASHPOTSPROVIDEVISCOUSDAMPINGTHEMASSOFTHEAXLES,WHEELS,DRIVESHAFT,BRAKES,ANDTHESUSPENSIONSYSTEMISSUPPORTEDBYTHEWHEELS,WHICHALWAYSREMAININCONTACTWITHTHEBRIDGESURFACEFIG3VEHICLEMODELTHEREAREFIVEINDEPENDENTDEGREESOFFREEDOMDOFINTHEVEHICLESYSTEM,NAMELY,TRANSLATIONDZ1,ROTATIONΘX1ANDROTATIONΘY1OFSPRUNGMASSM1,ANDTRANSLATIONDZ2ANDROTATIONΘX2OFTHESPRUNGMASSM2WITHRESPECTTOTHELONGITUDINALAXISXALONGTHEDIRECTIONOFMOTION,THETRANSVERSEAXISY,ANDTHEVERTICALAXISZTHEROTATIONABOUTYOFMASSM2,ΘY2,ISRELATEDTOTHEABOVEFIVEINDEPENDENTDOFTHEUNSPRUNGMASSM3,M4,ANDM5AREASSUMEDTOBECONCENTRATEDATTHECENTERSOFTHETHREEAXLES,RESPECTIVELYMASSM3CANUNDERGOVERTICALTRANSLATIONDZ3ANDAROTATIONΘX3SIMILARLY,MASSM4HASVERTICALTRANSLATIONDZ4ANDAROTATIONΘX4ANDMASSM5HASVERTICALTRANSLATIONDZ5ANDAROTATIONΘX5SINCEMASSM3,M4ANDM5ARENOTSUPPORTEDBYSPRINGSANDTHEWHEELSARESUMMEDTOREMAININCONTACTWITHTHEBRIDGESURFACE,DZ3,ΘX3,DZ4,ΘX4,DZ5,ANDΘX5ARENOTINDEPENDENTBUTRELATEDTOTHEVERTICALMOTIONSOFTHECONTACTPOINTSBETWEENTHEWHEELSANDTHEBRIDGESURFACETHUS,THETOTALNUMBEROFDOFOFTHEBRIDGEVEHICLESYSTEMISN5,INWHICHNISTHENUMBEROFDOFOFTHEBRIDGESTRUCTUREFORNUMERICALANALYSIS,THEPHYSICALPROPERTIESOFTHEVEHICLEMODELAREDESCRIBEDINTABLE1TABLE1PHYSICALPROPERTIESOFVEHICLEMASSKGMASSMOMENTINERTIAKGM2AXLESTIFFNESSN/MM128038IX123448K11138300M22804IY1263052K21138300M31752IX24982K31138300M41402IY226305M51051IX34982IX4879IX58793FREEVIBRATIONANALYSISTHEDYNAMICCHARACTERISTICSOFABOXGIRDERBRIDGE,INCLUDINGITSNATURALFREQUENCIES,VIBRATIONMODESHAPES,ANDMECHANICALDAMPINGPROPERTIES’AREIMPORTANTFACTORSWHICHCANSIGNIFICANTLYAFFECTITSSTABILITYBEHAVIORUNDERTRAFFICLOADS3ASPECTRATIODEFINEDASTHERATIOOFTHELENGTHOFABRIDGEDECKTOITSWIDTHISAKEYPARAMETERTHANINFLUENCESTHENATURALFREQUENCIESANDMODESHAPESINTHISSTUDY,THEASPECTRATIOOFBRIDGEAVARIESFROM2TO4,CORRESPONDINGTOSPANSOF187M,2805M,AND374MTHEASPECTRATIOOFCONFEDERATION

簡介：本文是中英雙語對照畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯，下載之后無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式直接可用一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題OBJECTORIENTEDWEBAPPLICATIONDEVELOPMENT外文作者HANSWGELLERSENANDMARTINGAEDKE文獻(xiàn)出處IEEEINTERNETCOMPUTING316068,2018如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文4015單詞，26661字符字符就是印刷符，中文6698漢字。（如果字?jǐn)?shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學(xué)校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行翻譯的。）OBJECTORIENTEDWEBAPPLICATIONDEVELOPMENTTHEWEBHASEVOLVEDINTOAGLOBALENVIRONMENTFORDELIVERINGALLKINDSOFAPPLICATIONS,RANGINGFROMSMALLSCALEANDSHORTLIVEDSERVICESTOLARGESCALE,ENTERPRISEWORKFLOWSYSTEMSDISTRIBUTEDOVERMANYSERVERSAPPLICATIONSTHATUSEHTMLBASEDFRONTENDSBENEFITFROMTHEPERVASIVEDISTRIBUTIONOFWEBBROWSERSFORUNIVERSAL,CROSSPLATFORMACCESSANOTHERSTRIKINGADVANTAGEOFWEBDELIVERYLIESINTHECONCEPTOFTHINCLIENTSANDCENTRALIZEDMAINTENANCE,FACILITATINGINSTANTANEOUSDEPLOYMENTOFSOFTWAREUPDATESATMINIMALCOSTWHILETHEPOPULARITYOFTHEWEBANDITSADVANTAGESASACLIENTSERVERPLATFORMHAVELEDTOCOUNTLESSHTMLBASEDAPPLICATIONS,THEDEVELOPMENTOFWEBAPPLICATIONSISSTILLMOSTLYADHOCTHEREISNORIGOROUS,SYSTEMATICAPPROACH,ANDMOSTCURRENTWEBAPPLICATIONDEVELOPMENTANDMANAGEMENTPRACTICESRELYONTHEKNOWLEDGEANDEXPERIENCEOFINDIVIDUALDEVELOPERSONEREASONFORTHELACKOFASTRUCTUREDAPPROACHMAYBEINTHEWEB’SLEGACYASANINFORMATIONMEDIUMRATHERTHANANAPPLICATIONPLATFORMWEBDEVELOPMENTISSEENPRIMARILYASANAUTHORINGPROBLEMRATHERTHANASOFTWAREDEVELOPMENTPROBLEMTOWHICHWELLESTABLISHEDSOFTWAREENGINEERINGPRINCIPLESSHOULDAPPLYWEBELIEVEANOTHERREASONISTHATTHEWEBIMPLEMENTATIONMODELDOESNOTRELATEWELLGENERALSOFTWAREDEVELOPMENTCONVENTIONALSOFTWAREPROCESSESUSUALLYADDRESSFOURDEVELOPMENTPHASESANALYSIS,DESIGN,IMPLEMENTATION,ANDMAINTENANCE/EVOLUTIONDURINGANALYSIS,DEVELOPERSBUILDAMODELOFANAPPLICATIONINTERMSOFTHEDOMAINIDEALLY,THISANALYSISCONCENTRATESONTHEAPPLICATION’SPROBLEMSPACESEPARATEFROMSOFTWARECONSIDERATIONS,WHICHAREPARTOFTHESOLUTIONSPACEACCORDINGLY,THISPHASESHOULDNOTBEAFFECTEDBYWHETHERORNOTTHEAPPLICATIONISTOBEDELIVEREDOVERTHEWEBBASEDONTHEANALYSIS,AMODELOFTHESOFTWARESOLUTIONISDEFINEDDURINGTHEDESIGNPHASEOBVIOUSLY,THEWEBAPPLICATIONDEVELOPMENTPROCESSINCONTRASTTOAGENERALSOFTWAREPROCESSASSUMESAWEBBASEDSOFTWARESOLUTIONANDMUSTACCOMMODATETHISTHEIMPLEMENTATIONTRANSFORMSTHEDESIGNINTOACTUALSOFTWAREFORWEBAPPLICATIONS,THISPHASEHASTORELYONAVAILABLEWEBIMPLEMENTATIONTECHNOLOGYFINALLY,MAINTENANCEISCONCERNEDWITHMODIFICATIONSTOTHESOFTWARE,WHICHMAYOCCURATTHEIMPLEMENTATION,DESIGN,OREVENANALYSISLEVELSGENERALSOFTWAREPROCESSESAREHARDTORELATETOTHEWEBIMPLEMENTATIONMODEL,ASWILLBEDISCUSSEDBELOWTHEWEBIMPLEMENTATIONMODELISBASEDONFLATDECOMPOSITIONOFAPPLICATIONSINTORESOURCESRESOURCESHAVEAUNIQUEADDRESS,ANDTHEYAREDELIVEREDONREQUESTFROMWEBSERVERTOWEBCLIENTTHEYCANBESTATICORDYNAMICALLYGENERATEDFROMASCRIPT,BUTTHEYAREINHERENTLYSPECIFIC,WHICHMEANSTHATTHEYCANNOTCAPTUREABSTRACTIONSDOCUMENTDELIVERYAPPLICATIONSTHEWORLDWIDEWEBWASORIGINALLYDESIGNEDASANINFORMATIONMEDIUMFORDISTRIBUTEDRESEARCHTEAMS4AKEYOBJECTIVEWASTOMAKEITASEASYASPOSSIBLEFORAUTHORSTODELIVERDOCUMENTS,ANDTHENOTIONOFWEBAPPLICATIONDEVELOPMENTESSENTIALLYBOILEDDOWNTODOCUMENTDEVELOPMENTBYANAUTHORORSMALLGROUPOFAUTHORSFORTHISKINDOFDEVELOPMENT,THELIFECYCLECOMPRISESINFORMALANALYSISOFWHATISTOBEPRESENTED,INFORMALDESIGNOFHOWTOSTRUCTUREITINTOHYPERLINKEDCHUNKSOFINFORMATION,ANDIMPLEMENTATIONTHROUGHMARKUPFOLLOWINGIMPLEMENTATION,THEDOCUMENTSAREMAINTAINEDBYTHEAUTHORSTHEMSELVESTHEWEBIMPLEMENTATIONMODELWASDESIGNEDTOMEETTHESELIFECYCLEREQUIREMENTSITISDELIBERATELYSIMPLE,BASEDONTHENOTIONOFRESOURCESTHATMODELMOSTLYSELF

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價(jià)格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題SMARTSHOPPINGSYSTEMANDROIDAPPLICATION外文作者M(jìn)SMANSIMHASKE,MSMAYURISAWANT,MSEKTABHATTAD,MSAMRUTAGAIKWADANDPROFMANOJMULIK文獻(xiàn)出處INTERNATIONALJOURNALOFMATHEMATICALARCHIVE85,2019,712如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文1726單詞，10102字符字符就是印刷符，中文2800漢字。（如果字?jǐn)?shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學(xué)校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行翻譯的。）SMARTSHOPPINGSYSTEMANDROIDAPPLICATIONABSTRACTINTODAYSLIFEGOINGTOMALLSFORSHOPPINGISINCREASINGRAPIDLYPEOPLETAKETHEITEMANDPUTITINTOTROLLEYAFTERDONEWITHSHOPPINGTHEYGOFORBILLINGATTHEBILLINGCOUNTERBUTASTHEREAREMANYPEOPLESTANDINGINQUEUEFORBILLINGPURPOSE,SOLOTSOFTIMEISREQUIREDFORTHEINDIVIDUALSFORBILLINGBECAUSEOFEXISTINGBARCODETECHNOLOGYTOREDUCETHISTIME,WEAREPROPOSEDASYSTEMBASEDONNFCTECHNOLOGY5THESYSTEMCONTAINSTHEITEMSATTACHEDWITHNFCTAG,ANDROIDPHONEHAVINGNFCREADERWHICHREADSTHETAGINFORMATIONWHENPUTINTOTHETROLLEYTHENTHISINFORMATIONISSENDTOMAINBILLINGSERVERWHICHCALCULATESTHETOTALNUMBEROFPURCHASEDITEMSANDSENDSTHECALCULATEDBILLTOTHEDEVICEATTACHEDTOTROLLEYFORDISPLAYINGITONDISPLAYOFSMARTPHONEALONGWITHTHISSYSTEMWEAREIMPLEMENTINGANANDROIDAPPLICATIONFORREWARDINGFACILITYTHEAPPLICATIONISBASEDONTHETROLLEYNUMBERANDTOTALNUMBEROFPURCHASEDITEMSKEYWORDSCLIENT/SERVER,NFC,EMBEDDEDSYSTEM,ANDROIDMOBILEPHONE,NFCREADER,PRODUCTIVITYTIME,SUPERMARKET,BARCODESCANNER,SENSORFIGUREANDROIDLAYEREDARCHITECTUREIIMOTIVATIONOURAIMISTODEVELOPASYSTEMTHATCANBEUSEDININDUSTRYORSHOPPINGMALLSTOSOLVETHECHALLENGESLIKELONGQUEUEONCOUNTERSWEFIRMLYBELIEVEINMAKINGOURENVIRONMENTASMARTERANDDIGITIZEDIIIGOALANDOBJECTIVESOVERALLGOALSANDOBJECTIVESOFSOFTWAREISTOELIMINATETIMETAKENINBILLINGCOUNTERINSUPERMARKETSANDINCREASESCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONITREDUCESMANPOWERREQUIREDINBILLINGSECTIONINCREASEPRODUCTIVITYTIMETHEOBJECTIVEOFTHISSOFTWAREISTOPROVIDEEASYASSISTANCETOBOTHTHECUSTOMERASWELLASTHEMERCHANTWITHPROPERDATABASEANDINFORMATIONIVSYSTEMDESIGNOURSYSTEMISAIMEDTODESIGNTHESMARTSHOPPINGINTHEMALLSTHECUSTOMERCANPURCHASEDIFFERENTPRODUCTSINTHEMALLAFTERSHOPPINGCUSTOMERMUSTWAITINTHEQUEUESOTOREDUCETHATTIMEOURSYSTEMISGOINGTOHELPAFTERPURCHASINGEACHPRODUCTCUSTOMERCANSCANTHEPRODUCTIENFCTAGVIANFCSCANNERWHICHISINBUILTINTHESMARTPHONETHETOTALISAUTOMATICALLYDONEBYTHESERVERTHESERVERANDTHESMARTPHONEARECONNECTEDVIAWIFI

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價(jià)格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題STUDENTINFORMATIONMANAGEMENTSYSTEMBASEDONANDROIDPLATFORM外文作者WANGJIANFA,LIUJUAN,JIAOLIANGYU文獻(xiàn)出處ADVANCEDMATERIALSRESEARCHVOLS100610072018PP10571060如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文1578單詞，10638字符字符就是印刷符，中文2826漢字。（如果字?jǐn)?shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學(xué)校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行翻譯的。）STUDENTINFORMATIONMANAGEMENTSYSTEMBASEDONANDROIDPLATFORMKEYWORDSSYSTEMDESIGN,SOFTWAREDESIGN,ANDROIDSYSTEM,MANAGEMENTSYSTEMABSTRACTINTHISPAPER,THEDEVELOPMENTOFANDROIDBASEDSTUDENTMANAGEMENTSOFTWARESYSTEMTOENABLESTUDENTSTOSCHOOL,INTERACTIONWITHPARENTSANDTHESCHOOLHASANEWPLATFORM,ONTHISBASIS,THEPROMOTIONOFTHEWORKPROCESSSIMPLE,EFFICIENTWORK,EXPERIENCEANDSCIENTIFICSTUDENTMANAGEMENTANDQUALITY,MAKINGSCHOOLSREACHNEWHEIGHTSINTHEPROMOTIONOFINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYINTRODUCTIONWITHTHEACCELERATIONOFTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFNETWORKTECHNOLOGYANDINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYENTERPRISESANDNATIONALCONSTRUCTIONPROGRESSOFINFORMATIONMANAGEMENT,WEBBASEDAPPLICATIONSANDMOBILETECHNOLOGYISINCREASINGLYCOMMON,THESEAPPLICATIONSLARGELYENHANCETHECOUNTRYSENTERPRISESINFORMATIONMANAGEMENTTOIMPROVETHEEFFICIENCYOFPRODUCTIONANDWORKORGANIZATIONTHEWHOLESYSTEMISDIVIDEDINTOFOURPARTS,NAMELY,THESTUDENTINFORMATIONCENTER,INFORMATIONDISSEMINATIONCENTER,INTERACTIONCENTERHOMESCHOOL,ANDSTUDENTS’MORALCENTERTHISFOURPARTSHAVEDIFFERENTFUNCTIONSSTUDENTINFORMATIONCENTER,THEFOUNDATIONISMAINLYRESPONSIBLEFORSTUDENTINFORMATION,GRADES,CURRICULUMANDOTHERENTRY,INQUIRY,STUDENTSTHROUGHTHESTUDENTINFORMATIONCENTERTOCHECKTHEIRTESTSCORESANDRANKINGINFORMATION,YOUCANALSOSEETHEIRSTUDENTINFORMATION,BUTCANALSOSEETOTHECURRICULUMANDSOONINFORMATIONCENTER,THESCHOOLSPRINCIPALISRELEASEDLESSONPLANS,HOMEWORKRELEASE,RELEASESTUDENTINFORMATION,HOLIDAYNOTICEPUBLISHING,STUDENTSANDTEACHERSASWELLASPARENTSCANTHENSEEWHERETHEUNIVERSITYSEVERYMOVEHOMESCHOOLINTERACTIONCENTER,THEMAINVOTINGPLATFORMINCLUDINGHOMESCHOOL,HOMESCHOOLSMSPUBLISHINGPLATFORM,PSYCHOLOGICALCOUNSELINGPLATFORMSEVERALPARTSFIGURE2SYSTEMDESIGNFLOWVOTEASPECTSOFTHEPROJECTHOMESCHOOLSCHOOLISSUEDVOTINGPLATFORMUSERSCANVOTEFORALLPARENTS’IMMEDIATERELEASEFIG2CHSCSMSPUBLISHINGPLATFORMTHATCANFACILITATECOMMUNICATIONBETWEENTHESCHOOLANDPARENTS,ANDMYHEARTBROKETHROUGHFACETOFACECONSULTATIONPLATFORMCOMMUNICATIONBARRIERS,TOPARENTSANDSTUDENTSAVIRTUALSPACETOEXPRESSMOODPROCESSDESIGNINCLUDESTHEFOLLOWINGASPECTSTHEDEVELOPMENTENVIRONMENTTOBUILDASERVER,ANDCONFIGURETHESERVERCREATEADATABASE,BASEDONTHENEEDSOFTHEDATATABLEDESIGNDEVELOPMENTSERVERINTERFACEINTERACTIONMODULEDESIGNISAPPLIEDTOTHEDATABASESERVERBUILDCLIENTUSERINTERFACEDESIGNTHECLIENTANDSERVERSIDEINTERACTIONMODULEREALIZATIONOFSYSTEMFUNCTIONSSTUDENTINFORMATIONCENTER,FORTHECLIENTTOGETTHESTUDENTSBASICINFORMATIONTOTHESERVER,THEUSERCANOBTAINTHEINFORMATIONCENTERBYTHESTUDENTBASICSTUDENT

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價(jià)格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題ANINFORMATIONACQUISITIONSYSTEMFORAGRICULTURALPRODUCTORIGINSAFETYBASEDONANDROIDSMARTPHONE外文作者SHOUHUIPAN,KAIYIWANG,ZHIBINWANG,YANYUNHAN1ANDXIAOFENGWANG文獻(xiàn)出處20192NDINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONMECHATRONICS,CONTROLANDAUTOMATIONENGINEERINGMCAE2019如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文2240單詞，14948字符字符就是印刷符，中文3438漢字。（如果字?jǐn)?shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學(xué)校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行翻譯的。）ANINFORMATIONACQUISITIONSYSTEMFORAGRICULTURALPRODUCTORIGINSAFETYBASEDONANDROIDSMARTPHONEKEYWORDSAGRICULTURALPRODUCT,ORIGINSAFETY,SMARTPHONEABSTRACTCURRENTLY,THEDATAACQUISITIONMETHODFORAGRICULTURALPRODUCTORIGINSAFETYISSTILLLAGGINGBEHIND,THUSITISDIFFICULTTOUPLOADTHEMONITORINGDATAINATIMELYANDCONVENIENTWAYANINFORMATIONACQUISITIONSYSTEMFORAGRICULTURALPRODUCTORIGINSAFETYBASEDONANDROIDSMARTPHONEWASDEVELOPEDTHEDESIGNOFTHEINFORMATIONACQUISITIONSYSTEMWASBASEDONTHEC/SARCHITECTURE,INCLUDINGSMARTPHONEAPPANDSERVERSIDESOFTWARETHESMARTPHONEAPPCANACHIEVETHERAPIDPOSITIONINGOFTHEMONITORINGPOINT,DATACORRECTION,REALTIMEDATATRANSMISSIONANDAUTOMATICARCHIVINGDEMONSTRATIONRESULTSSHOWTHATTHESYSTEMHASTHECHARACTERISTICSOFCONVENIENTCOLLECTION,RAPIDTRANSMISSIONANDHIGHEFFICIENCYCOMPAREDWITHTHETRADITIONALDATAACQUISITIONMODETHESYSTEMISSUITABLEFORTHEDATAACQUISITIONOFGRASSROOTSAGRICULTURALENVIRONMENTALMONITORINGSTATION,ANDITCANEFFECTIVELYTHEFRAMEWORKOFTHESYSTEMTHEFOLLOWINGPRINCIPLESSUCHASPRACTICABILITY,PROGRESSIVENESS,OPENNESS,ADAPTABILITYANDSECURITYWEREFOLLOWEDINTHEDESIGNOFTHESYSTEMTHEPRACTICALITYOFTHESYSTEMWASCONSIDEREDPRIORITY,IE,THEFUNCTIONALMODULESOFTHESYSTEMMUSTMEETTHEPRACTICALNEEDSOFDATAACQUISITIONOFAGRICULTURALORIGINSAFETYONTHISBASIS,THEFOLLOWINGPRINCIPLESSUCHASPROGRESSIVENESS,OPENNESS,ADAPTABILITYAREEMPHASIZEDLASTBUTNOTLEAST,SECURITYSHOULDBEPAIDSPECIALATTENTIONINORDERTOENSURETHESECURITYOFDATAINTHESYSTEMDESIGNMANYSECURITYMEASURESSUCHASUSERACCESSPOLICY,DATAENCRYPTIONANDSECUREACCESSAUTHENTICATION,WERECONDUCTEDTOENSURETHESECURITYOFDATATHESAFETYDATACOLLECTIONSYSTEMOFAGRICULTURALPRODUCTSORIGINCONSISTEDOFTWOPARTSCOLLECTINGTERMINALSOFTWARESMARTPHONEAPPANDSERVERSIDEPROGRAM,ADOPTINGC/SARCHITECTUREDESIGNWHERETHESMARTPHONEAPPWASMAINLYRESPONSIBLEFORDATAQUERY,DATACOLLECTIONANDSUBMISSIONSERVERSIDEPROGRAMWASMAINLYRESPONSIBLEFORDATASTORAGE,PROCESSINGANDSTATISTICALANALYSISDATAEXCHANGEBETWEENSMARTPHONEAPPANDSERVERSIDEPROGRAMWASCONDUCTEDBYCALLINGWEBSERVICEASSHOWNINFIGURE1,THEOVERALLARCHITECTUREOFTHESYSTEMWASDIVIDEDINTOTHREELAYERSBUSINESSAPPLICATIONLAYER,APPLICATIONSUPPORTLAYERANDDATABASELAYERTHESERVERCONSISTEDOFAPPLICATIONSERVERANDDATABASESERVER,WHEREAPPLICATIONSERVERPROGRAMWASDEVELOPEDBYJAVALANGUAGEJDK16,HIBERNATE4ANDSPRING4BASEDONECLIPSEIDEPLATFORM,ANDDATABASESERVERWASMAINLYRESPONSIBLEFORTHESTORAGEOFDATA,ONWHICHTHEMYSQL56SOFTWAREISRUNNINGTHESMARTPHONEAPPWASDEVELOPEDUSINGANDROIDSTUDIOIDEBASEDONANDROIDSDKVERSION60THATCANCOMPATIBLEWITHANDROIDVERSION40ABOVETHERESTOFTHEPAPERWILLINTRODUCETHEARCHITECTUREANDFUNCTIONALFEATURESOFMOBILEAPPINDETAIL

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簡介：本文是中英雙語對照畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯，下載之后無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式直接可用一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題ANINTRODUCTIONTOOPENCV外文作者JEFFCICOLAN文獻(xiàn)出處BEGINNINGROBOTICSWITHRASPBER，2019如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文4557單詞，24993字符字符就是印刷符，中文7088漢字。（如果字?jǐn)?shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學(xué)校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行翻譯的。）ANINTRODUCTIONTOOPENCVWE’VECOMEALONGWAYSINCETHEFIRSTCHAPTERSINTRODUCINGTHERASPBERRYPIATTHISPOINT,YOUHAVELEARNEDABOUTTHEPIANDTHEARDUINOYOU’VELEARNEDHOWTOPROGRAMBOTHBOARDSYOU’VEWORKEDWITHSENSORSANDMOTORSYOU’VEBUILTYOURROBOTANDPROGRAMMEDITTOROAMAROUNDANDTOFOLLOWALINEHOWEVER,TOBECOMPLETELYHONEST,YOUHAVEN’TREALLYNEEDEDTHEPOWEROFTHERASPBERRYPIINFACT,IT’SBEENABITOFHINDRANCEEVERYTHINGYOU’VEDONEWITHTHEROBOTROAMINGANDLINEFOLLOWING,YOUCOULDDOJUSTWELLWITHTHEARDUINOANDWITHOUTPIIT’SNOWTIMETOSHOWTHEREALPOWEROFTHEPIANDTOLEARNWHYYOUWANTTOUSEITINYOURROBOTINTHISCHAPTER,WE’REGOINGTODOSOMETHINGYOUCAN’TDOWITHTHEARDUINOALONEWEAREGOINGTOCONNECTASIMPLEWEBCAMERAANDSTARTWORKINGWITHWHATISCOMMONLYKNOWNASCOMPUTERVISIONCOMPUTERVISIONCOMPUTERVISIONISACOLLECTIONOFALGORITHMSTHATALLOWACOMPUTERTOANALYZEANAPPLICATIONSISTOOLARGETODISCUSSINDEPTHHERE,ANDITKEEPSGROWINGOPENCVJUSTAFEWYEARSAGO,COMPUTERVISIONWASNOTREALLYACCESSIBLETOTHEHOBBYISTITREQUIREDALOTOFHEAVYMATHANDEVENHEAVIERPROCESSINGCOMPUTERVISIONPROJECTSWEREGENERALLYDONEUSINGLAPTOPS,WHICHLIMITEDITSAPPLICATIONOPENCVHASBEENAROUNDFORAWHILEIN1999,INTELRESEARCHESTABLISHEDANOPENSTANDARDFORPROMOTINGTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCOMPUTERVISIONIN2012,ITWASTAKENOVERBYTHENONPROFITOPENCVFOUNDATIONYOUCANDOWNLOADTHELATESTVERSIONATTHEIRWEBSITEIT’STAKEALITTLEEXTRAEFFORTTOGETITRUNNINGONTHERASPBERRYPI,HOWEVERWE’LLGETTOTHATSHORTLYOPENCVISWRITTENNATIVELYINCHOWEVER,ITCANBEUSEDINC,JAVA,ANDPYTHONWEAREINTERESTEDINTHEPYTHONIMPLEMENTATIONBECAUSEOURMOTORCONTROLLERLIBRARIESARENOTPYTHON3–COMPATIBLE,WENEEDTOINSTALLOPENCVFORPYTHON27INSTALLINGOPENCVWEWILLINSTALLOPENCVONTHERASPBERRYPIYOUWANTTOMAKESURETHATYOURRASPBERRYPIISPLUGGEDINTOACHARGERRATHERTHANTHEBATTERYPACK,ANDGIVEYOURSELFPLENTYOFTIMEFORTHEINSTALLATIONWEWILLCOMPILEOPENCVFROMSOURCE,WHICHMEANSTHATWEWILLDOWNLOADTHESOURCECODEFROMTHEINTERNETANDBUILDITDIRECTLYONTHEPIBEWARNEDTHATALTHOUGHTHEPROCESSISNOTDIFFICULT,ITDOESTAKEALONGTIMEANDINVOLVESENTERINGMANYLINUXCOMMANDSIUSUALLYBEGINTHEPROCESSINTHEEVENINGANDLETTHEFINALBUILDRUNOVERNIGHT1LOGONTOYOURRASPBERRYPI2OPENATERMINALWINDOWONTHEPI3MAKESURETHATTHERASPBERRYPIISUPDATED

簡介：本文是中英雙語對照畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯，下載之后無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式直接可用一輩子也就一次的事文獻(xiàn)引用作者出處信息JINXINZHANG,XIAOHUIYANGTAOLI,JIAMINBAOADETECTIONSYSTEMOFANDROIDAPPLICATIONBASEDONPERMISSIONANALYSISC2018COMMUNICATIONSSECURITYCONFERENCECSC2018如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文3181單詞，20964字符字符就是印刷符，中文4896漢字。（如果字?jǐn)?shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學(xué)校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行翻譯的。）ADETECTIONSYSTEMOFANDROIDAPPLICATIONBASEDONPERMISSIONANALYSISKEYWORDSANDROID,SECURITYMECHANISM,PERMISSIONDETECTIONABSTRACTSINCETHEOPENNESSOFANDROIDPLATFORMLEADSTOAMESSOFPRIVACYLEAKSANDPROPERTYDAMAGESOFUSERS,ANOVELDETECTIONSYSTEMBASEDONTHEPERMISSIONANALYSISFORANDROIDAPPLICATIONSAPPSISPROPOSEDTHEPROPOSEDDETECTIONSYSTEMCANBEINCORPORATEDWITHCOMPUTERTERMINALSASWELLASMOBILETERMINALS,ANDCANDETECTTHEPERMISSIONINFORMATIONOFAPPSANDCHECKTHESENSITIVEPERMISSIONTHEAPPSPOSSESSINADDITION,THEDETECTSYSTEMCANPROVIDEASECONDARYJUDGEMENTOFAPPSTOGUARANTEETHEINFORMATIONANDPROPERTYSECURITYOFTHEUSERS1INTRODUCTION11ANDROIDSECURITYSTATUSANDROIDISANOPENSOURCEMOBILEOPERATINGSYSTEMDEVELOPEDBASEDONLINUXSYSTEMANDINTRODUCEDBYGOOGLEANDITSOPENHANDSETALLIANCE1CURRENTLY,ANDROIDHASBEENWIDELYUSEDINMOBILEPHONES,TABLETPCS,LAPTOPSANDOTHERSMARTMOBILEDEVICESACCORDINGTOTHEDATAREPORTRELEASEDBYMARKETRESEARCHFIRMCANALYSONMAY30,INTHEFIRSTQUARTEROF2013,THEGLOBALSMARTMOBILEEQUIPMENTSHIPMENTSLISTDIRECTLYFROMTHEANDROIDSYSTEMSETTINGSBASEDONTHERESEARCHOFTHEANDROIDSECURITYMECHANISMSANDTHEANALYSISOFTHEPOTENTIALSECURITYPROBLEMSTHEABOVEPHENOMENONMAYLEADTO,ASYSTEMCOMBINEDWITHPCANDCELLPHONESIDEISDESIGNEDANDDEVELOPEDINTHISPAPER,WHICHCANTHOROUGHLYDETECTTHEPERMISSIONSINFORMATIONSOFTHEUNINSTALLEDANDROIDPACKAGESAPKASWELLASTHEINSTALLEDAPPTHEPROPOSEDSYSTEMCANDETECTTHENUMBEROFTHEPERMISSIONSTHATTHEAPPSOFTWAREAPPLIEDFORPRECISELYANDWILLSHOWTHEDETAILEDLISTOFTHEPERMISSIONSBYESTABLISHINGTHEDATABASE,THEDETECTIONSYSTEMCANGIVEDETAILEDANDCLEARDESCRIPTIONOFEACHPERMISSIONANDTHESECURITYPROBLEMSMAYBECAUSEDBYTHEPERMISSIONITMAKESNORMALUSERSWHOLACKOFPROFESSIONALKNOWLEDGEUNDERSTANDTHEROLEOFTHEAPPLIEDAPPPERMISSIONSEASILY,ANDRAISESAWARENESSOFTHESAFETYOFUSERSINADDITION,THESYSTEMCANPROVIDEUSERSTOSEARCHALLTHEAPPSFORTHEONESTHATUSEASPECIFICSENSITIVEPERMISSIONINTHISWAY,THESYSTEMCANASSISTUSERSTOSCREENOUTTHEMALICIOUSSOFTWARESANDPROTECTTHESECURITYOFANDROIDSYSTEM2ANDROIDSPECIFICSECURITYMECHANISMSANDROIDSYSTEMSUPPORTSMULTIPLATFORMOPERATION,WHICHUSESTHEVERSIONOFTHEKERNELOFLINUX26,ANDUSESDALVIKVIRTUALMACHINEASANAPPRUNTIMEENVIRONMENTANDROIDSYSTEMHASALAYEREDARCHITECTURE4FORMTHEBOTTOMTOTHETOP,THEREAREFIVELAYERS,WHICHARETHELINUXKERNEL,THELOCALLIBRARY,THEANDROIDRUNTIMEENVIRONMENT,THEAPPFRAMEWORKANDTHEAPPDURINGDESIGNINGANDDEVELOPINGTHEANDROIDOPERATINGSYSTEM,GOOGLENOTONLYINHERITSTHEDESIGNINGIDEAOFLINUX,BUTALSOSETSACORRESPONDINGSECURITYMECHANISMINEACHLAYERMOREOVER,GOOGLEALSOSETSTWOKINDSOFANDROIDSPECIFICSECURITYMECHANISMSSIGNATUREANDAPPPERMISSIONCONTROL21SIGNATUREMECHANISMALLANDROIDAPPSMUSTHAVEADIGITALCERTIFICATE,DUETOTHATTHESYSTEMWILLNOTINSTALLANAPPTHATDOESN’THAVEADIGITALCERTIFICATEUNLIKEOTHERPLATFORMS,ANDROIDAPPSIGNATURENOTONLYINDICATESTHEPUBLISHEROFTHEAPK,BUTALSOPROVIDESVALIDATIONOFTHEINTEGRITYANDRELIABILITYOFTHEPROGRAMFORTHOSEWHOATTEMPTTOTAMPERWITHTHEAPKFILE,THESYSTEMWILLFORCETHEMTORESIGNTHEAPKUNDERTHECONDITIONTHATTHEAUTHORSSIGNATUREPRIVATEKEYDOESNOTLEAK,THEFAKESIGNATUREIS

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價(jià)格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題HYBRIDDATABASESYSTEMOFMYSQLANDMONGODBINWEBAPPLICATIONDEVELOPMENT外文作者GREGORIUSONGO，GEDEPUTRAKUSUMA文獻(xiàn)出處2019INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONINFORMATIONMANAGEMENTANDTECHNOLOGYICIMTECH如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文3297單詞，19987字符字符就是印刷符，中文5223漢字。（如果字?jǐn)?shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學(xué)校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行翻譯的。）HYBRIDDATABASESYSTEMOFMYSQLANDMONGODBINWEBAPPLICATIONDEVELOPMENTABSTRACTTHEINCREASINGAMOUNTOFDATATHATNEEDTOBEPROCESSEDINACOMPANYAREAFFECTINGTHEPERFORMANCESOFTHEDATABASESYSTEMRELATIONALDATABASEMANAGEMENTSYSTEMRDBMSISACOMMONLYUSEDDATABASESYSTEM,BUTALSOKNOWNTOHAVINGADECREASEDPERFORMANCEWHENHANDLINGHIGHAMOUNTOFDATANOSQLISANALTERNATIVESTORAGEOPTIONTHATISDIFFERENTTHANRDBMSANDKNOWNFORFASTERPERFORMANCEWHENHANDLINGHIGHAMOUNTOFDATAINTHISCONTRIBUTION,WECOMPARETHEPERFORMANCESBETWEENRDBMSMYSQLANDAHYBRIDMODELOFMYSQLANDNOSQLMONGODBWHENBEINGUSEDONAWEBAPPLICATIONWEIMPLEMENTEDASIMPLESOCIALMEDIAWEBSITETOEVALUATETHEPERFORMANCEOFUSINGDIFFERENTDATABASEMODELSTHEWEBSITEISEQUIPPEDWITHCHATANDPROFILEVIEWFEATURESEXPERIMENTSAREPERFORMEDUSINGRANDOMLYGENERATEDUSERPROFILESANDCHATDATABASEDONOUREVALUATIONS,THEHYBRIDDATABASEOFMYSQLANDMONGODBACHIEVESHIGHERREADANDWRITEPERFORMANCESTHANTHEMYSQLALONEMEANWHILEMYSQLCANHANDLEMORESENSITIVEDATAANDMAINTAININGDATACONSISTENCYTHEHYBRIDMODELDATABASEMYSQLANDMONGODBUSESLESSDISKSPACETHANMYSQLALONE,BUTUSESMORERAMWEALSOOBSERVEDTHATNOSQLTHATUSESDOCUMENTSYSTEMALTHOUGHRDBMSHAVEAGOODREPUTATION,RDBMSTENDSTOHAVEDECREASEDPERFORMANCEWITHTHEINCREASINGDATAUSAGEINTHESYSTEMTHEREPLICATIONOFTHERELATIONALDATABASECANBELIMITEDTHERELATIONALDATABASESAREALSOMADEBASEDONCONSISTENCYRATHERTHANAVAILABILITY4NOSQL,ONOTHERHAND,HASADIFFERENTREPUTATIONITISKNOWNTOBEGOODATSTORINGHIGHAMOUNTOFDATATHESCHEMEFREECHARACTERISTICOFNOSQLMADETHESCALABILITYOFTHEDATABASEBETTERHOWEVER,THESEADVANTAGESCOMEWITHSACRIFICES,SUCHASWEAKERSECURITYORLESSERDATACONSISTENCYTHEINCREASINGAMOUNTOFDATATHATNEEDTOBEPROCESSEDINACOMPANYAREAFFECTINGTHEPERFORMANCESOFTHEDATABASESYSTEMHARDWAREUPGRADESAREALSONEEDEDTOMAKETHESYSTEMPERFORMANCEBACKTOITSEXPECTEDLEVEL5THEOTHEREFFECTOFTHETECHNOLOGYADVANCESISBIGDATATHEBIGDATAISMORECOMMONTOBEFOUNDINBIGCOMPANIES,ANDMANAGINGBIGDATACANBEAKEYINCOMPETINGWITHOTHERCOMPANIES6THEREFORE,WEPROPOSEAHYBRIDDATABASESYSTEMOFMYSQLANDMONGODBTOIMPROVETHEPERFORMANCEOFAWEBAPPLICATIONBYHARNESSINGTHECAPABILITIESOFTHERDMSANDNOSQLDATABASEMODELSTHEABILITYOFTHERDBMSINSTORINGSENSITIVEDATACOMPLEMENTSTHEABILITYOFNOSQLINPROCESSINGHIGHAMOUNTOFDATATHEPROPOSEDHYBRIDDATABASESYSTEMISIMPLEMENTEDUSINGMYSQLFORRELATIONALDATABASEANDMONGODBFORNOSQLIIRELATEDWORKSHYBRIDDATABASEMODELISADATABASESYSTEMTHATUSESTWOORMOREDIFFERENTDATABASEMODELSINASYSTEM7THISMODELISPREFERREDBECAUSESOMETIMESTHESTOREDDATAISNOTALWAYSSUITABLEWITHTHEDATABASEMODELBEINGUSEDTHEREFORE,COOKTRIEDTOCOMBINETWODATABASESTHATHAVEDIFFERENTMODELSOBJECTORIENTEDDATABASEANDRELATIONALDATABASE8FROMTHEEXPERIMENTS,COOKFOUNDSSOMEBENEFITSINUSINGMULTIPLEDATABASEMODELSINASYSTEM,SUCHASFLEXIBILITYINCOMPLEXDATATYPES,THEDATAMAYNEEDTOBEFORCEDTOFITTHESTORAGEMODELTHATISBEINGUSEDINTHESYSTEMHYBRIDDATABASEMODELCANINCREASETHEFLEXIBILITYOFTHESYSTEMTOSTOREDIFFERENTTYPESOFDATAINCREASEDPERFORMANCELEVERAGINGTHESTRENGTHSOFMULTIPLESTORAGEMODELSIMPROVESTHESYSTEMPERFORMANCELOGICALDISTRIBUTIONTHEDISTRIBUTIONOFDATAISBETTERANDTHENUMBEROFFORCEDDATA

簡介：本文是中英對照畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯，下載后無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式直接可用一輩子也就一次的事文獻(xiàn)作者引用出處信息KEVINMORAN,MARIOLINARESVA′SQUEZ,CARLOSBERNALCA′RDENAS,CHRISTOPHERVENDOME,ANDDENYSPOSHYVANYK,AUTOMATICALLYDISCOVERING,REPORTINGANDREPRODUCINGANDROIDAPPLICATIONCRASHES,2018IEEEINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONSOFTWARETESTING,VERIFICATIONANDVALIDATIONICST如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文5721單詞，37485字符字符就是印刷符，中文9904漢字。（如果字?jǐn)?shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學(xué)校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行翻譯的。）AUTOMATICALLYDISCOVERING,REPORTINGANDREPRODUCINGANDROIDAPPLICATIONCRASHESABSTRACTMOBILEDEVELOPERSFACEUNIQUECHALLENGESWHENDETECTINGANDREPORTINGCRASHESINAPPSDUETOTHEIRPREVAILINGGUIEVENTDRIVENNATUREANDADDITIONALSOURCESOFINPUTSEG,SENSORREADINGSTOSUPPORTDEVELOPERSINTHESETASKS,WEINTRODUCEANOVEL,AUTOMATEDAPPROACHCALLEDCRASHSCOPETHISTOOLEXPLORESAGIVENANDROIDAPPUSINGSYSTEMATICINPUTGENERATION,ACCORDINGTOSEVERALSTRATEGIESINFORMEDBYSTATICANDDYNAMICANALYSES,WITHTHEINTRINSICGOALOFTRIGGERINGCRASHESWHENACRASHISDETECTED,CRASHSCOPEGENERATESANAUGMENTEDCRASHREPORTCONTAININGSCREENSHOTS,DETAILEDCRASHREPRODUCTIONSTEPS,THECAPTUREDEXCEPTIONSTACKTRACE,ANDAFULLYREPLAYABLESCRIPTTHATAUTOMATICALLYREPRODUCESTHECRASHONATARGETDEVICESWEEVALUATEDCRASHSCOPE’SEFFECTIVENESSINDISCOVERINGCRASHESASCOMPAREDTOFIVESTATEOFTHEARTANDROIDINPUTGENERATIONTOOLSON61APPLICATIONSTHERESULTSDEMONSTRATETHATCRASHSCOPEPERFORMSABOUTASWELLASCURRENTTOOLSFORDETECTINGCRASHESANDPROVIDESMOREDETAILEDFAULTINFORMATIONADDITIONALLY,INASTUDYANALYZINGEIGHTREALWORLDANDROIDAPPCRASHES,WEFOUNDTHATCRASHSCOPE’SREPORTSAREEASILYREADABLEANDALLOWFORRELIABLEREPRODUCTIONOFCRASHESBYPRESENTINGMOREEXPLICITINFORMATIONTHANHUMANWRITTENREPORTSIINTRODUCTIONCONTINUEDGROWTHINTHEMOBILEHARDWAREANDAPPLICATIONMARKETPLACEISBEINGDRIVENBYALANDSCAPEWHEREUSERSTENDTOPREFERMOBILESMARTDEVICESANDAPPSFORTASKSOFCONTEXTUALFEATURES,SUCHASTHEORIENTATIONOFTHEDEVICE,WIRELESSINTERFACES,ANDSENSORSWESPECIFICALLYTAILOREDTHESEFEATURESTOTESTTHECOMMONCAUSESOFAPPCRASHESASIDENTIFIEDBYPREVIOUSSTUDIES26,45,79DURINGEXECUTION,CRASHSCOPECAPTURESDETAILEDINFORMATIONABOUTTHESUBJECTAPP,SUCHASTHEINPUTSSENTTOTHEDEVICE,SCREENSHOTSANDGUIINFORMATION,EXCEPTIONS,ANDCRASHINFORMATIONTHISINFORMATIONISTHENTRANSLATEDINTODETAILEDCRASHREPORTSANDREPLAYABLESCRIPTS,FORANYENCOUNTEREDCRASHTHISPAPERMAKESTHEFOLLOWINGNOTEWORTHYCONTRIBUTIONS1WEDESIGNANDIMPLEMENTAPRACTICALANDAUTOMATICAPPROACHFORDISCOVERING,REPORTING,ANDREPRODUCINGANDROIDAPPLICATIONCRASHES,CALLEDCRASHSCOPETOTHEBESTOFTHEAUTHOR’SKNOWLEDGE,THISISTHEFIRSTAPPROACHTHATISABLETOGENERATEEXPRESSIVE,DETAILEDCRASHREPORTSFORMOBILEAPPS,INCLUDINGSCREENSHOTSANDAUGMENTEDNLREPRODUCTIONSTEPS,INACOMPLETELYAUTOMATICFASHIONCRASHSCOPEISALSOONEOFTHEONLYAVAILABLEFULLYAUTOMATEDANDROIDTESTINGAPPROACHESTHATISPRACTICALFROMADEVELOPERS’PERSPECTIVE,REQUIRINGNOINSTRUMENTATIONOFTHESUBJECTAPPSOROSOURAPPROACHBUILDSUPONPRIORRESEARCHINAUTOMATEDINPUTGENERATIONFORMOBILEAPPS,ANDIMPLEMENTSSEVERALEXPLORATIONSTRATEGIES,INFORMEDBYLIGHTWEIGHTSTATICANALYSISTHATAREABLETOEFFECTIVELYDETECTCRASHESANDEXCEPTIONS2WEPERFORMADETAILEDEVALUATIONOFTHECRASHDETECTIONABILITIESOFCRASHSCOPEON61ANDROIDAPPSASCOMPAREDTOFIVESTATEOFTHEARTANDROIDINPUTGENERATIONTOOLSDYNODROID53,GUIRIPPER17,PUMA36,A3E20,ANDMONKEY7OURRESULTSSHOWTHATCRASHSCOPEPERFORMSNEARLYASWELLASCURRENTTOOLSINTERMSOFDETECTINGCRASHES,WHILEAUTOMATICALLYGENERATINGDETAILEDREPORTSANDREPLAYABLESCRIPTS3WEDESIGNANDCARRYOUTAUSERSTUDYEVALUATINGTHEREPRODUCIBILITYANDREADABILITYOFOURAUTOMATICALLYGENERATEDBUGREPORTSTHROUGHCOMPARISONTOHUMANWRITTENCRASHREPORTSFOREIGHTOPENSOURCEAPPSTHERESULTSINDICATETHATCRASHSCOPEREPORTSOFFERMOREDETAIL,WHILEBEINGATLEASTASUSEFULASTHEHUMANWRITTENREPORTS4WEMAKEOUREXPERIMENTALDATASETANDCRASHREPORTSAVAILABLEINOURONLINEAPPENDIX58IIRELATEDWORKMOTIVATIONINTHISSECTION,WEOVERVIEWTHECURRENTLANDSCAPEOFAUTOMATEDTESTINGANDINPUT