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簡(jiǎn)介：6300英文單詞，英文單詞，35萬英文字符，中文萬英文字符，中文9950字文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處BILAUAA,AJAGBEAM,SHOLANKEAB,ETALIMPACTOFEMPLOYEETURNOVERINSMALLANDMEDIUMCONSTRUCTIONFIRMSALITERATUREREVIEWJINTERNATIONALJOURNALOFENGINEERINGRESEARCHEMPLOYEETURNOVERHUMANRESOURCEMANAGEMENTSERVICEORGANIZATIONSCONSTRUCTIONFIRMSNIGERIA1INTRODUCTIONTHEUNIQUENESSOFTHECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYESPECIALLYINITSAPPROACHTOWARDSTHEMANAGEMENTOFITSHUMANRESOURCESINAVERYDYNAMICANDCOMPLEXWORKINGENVIRONMENTHASBEENACCLAIMEDBYSEVERALAUTHORS46,22,62THEYARGUEDFURTHERTHATTHISMAYBEBECAUSEDEVELOPINGTHEABILITIESOFHUMANRESOURCESANDRETAININGTHEMOVERAPERIODOFTIMEINANORGANIZATIONISTURNINGTOBEAGREATCHALLENGEFORCONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRIESINTHESMALLANDMEDIUMSIZEDFIRMSSMFSTHISREQUIRESSOUNDANDCOMPETITIVEHUMANRESOURCEMANAGEMENTSUCHASTRAININGANDDEVELOPMENTTOBECARRIEDOUTBYBUSINESSORGANIZATIONSTHISALSOISTOENSURETHEGROWTHOFPERSONNELANDSYSTEMATICALLYREAPINGBENEFITSFROMSKILLEDANDWELLTRAINEDPERSONNELTOENSUREEFFECTIVENESSANDEFFICIENCYINTHECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRIES44EMPLOYEETURNOVERISTHERATEATWHICHEMPLOYEE’SLEAVEACOMPANYANDHAVETOBEREPLACEDBYNEWOREXISTINGSTAFFBILAU14OPINETHATTHECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYISANIMPORTANTSECTORWHICHPLAYSAGREATROLEINTHECOUNTRYTHROUGHTHECREATIONOFEMPLOYMENT,CONTRIBUTINGTOTHEGROSSDOMESTICPRODUCTGDPOFTHECOUNTRYANDPROVISIONOFINFRASTRUCTURESSUCHASHIGHWAYS,RESIDENTIALANDCOMMERCIALCENTERSGEORGEJONES33POSITTHATINTHECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRY,JOBSATISFACTIONISVERYCRUCIALWHENSTUDYINGHUMANBEHAVIORSANDATTITUDETHEYADDEDTHATJOBSATISFACTIONISTHECOLLECTIONOFFEELINGSANDBELIEFTHATPEOPLEHAVEABOUTTHEIRCURRENTJOBTHEYAREOFTHEOPINIONTHATIFJOBSATISFACTIONSTUDIESAREPROPERLYPLANNEDANDADMINISTERED,ANUMBEROFSIGNIFICANTBENEFITSWILLBEEMPLOYEESISSEENASPARTOFORGANIZATIONALCYCLEANDCONCEPTUALIZEDASUNAVOIDABLELOSESANDWASEXPLAINEDBYHALILANDSELIM36AS?NECESSARYCASUALTIES”EMPLOYEETURNOVERCANBEADVANTAGEOUSINSUCHAWAYTHATOPPORTUNITIESAREPROVIDEDFORTHEORGANIZATIONTOLOSSIT’SLESSPRODUCTIVEEMPLOYEESTHISINTURNRESULTSTOTHERECRUITMENTOFNEWLYANDHIGHLYPRODUCTIVEEMPLOYEES,HENCE,GAININGHUMANCAPITALVALUEINADDITIONTOSAVINGCOSTFORTHEORGANIZATION41,44COSTSTHATCOULDBEINCURREDBYTHEORGANIZATIONISSEPARATIONCOST,REPLACEMENTCOSTANDRETRAININGCOSTSTHELOSSOFSKILLED,RELEVANTANDTALENTEDEMPLOYEESCOULDSTAGNATEORGANIZATIONALPERFORMANCEANDPRODUCTIVITYSOLOMONETAL64ADDEDTHATTHELOSSOFANEMPLOYEETRIGGERSADDITIONALWORKSTRESSANDLOWERSMOTIVATIONFORTHEEMPLOYEESTHATSTAYSBEHINDINORDERWORDS,NEGATIVELYIMPACTINGEMPLOYEES’GROUPMORALEANDORGANIZATIONALMEMBERSHIPVARIOUSSTUDIESHAVESHOWNTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENEMPLOYEE’STURNOVERANDJOBPERFORMANCEANDALSOTHEEFFECTOFHIGHEMPLOYEETURNOVERRATEONJOBPERFORMANCE64,42THENEXTSECTIONPRESENTSTHETHREETYPESOFEMPLOYEETURNOVERASPRESENTEDINEMPIRICALLITERATURE211VOLUNTARYTURNOVERNOE54POSITTHATWHENEMPLOYEESLEAVEORGANIZATIONSATTHEIROWNDISCRETION,ITISREFERREDTOASVOLUNTARYTURNOVERITISINITIATEDBYTHECHOICEOFANEMPLOYEEASIMILARDEFINITIONISGIVENBYEGAN31STATINGTHATANINSTANCEOFVOLUNTARYTURNOVERREFLECTSANEMPLOYEE’SDECISIONTOLEAVEANORGANIZATION,WHEREASANINSTANCEOFINVOLUNTARYEMPLOYEETURNOVERORADISCHARGEREFLECTSANEMPLOYER’SDECISIONTOTERMINATETHEEMPLOYMENTRELATIONSHIPHOWEVER,CARMELI21EXPLAINSTHATMODELINGTURNOVERINTHISMANNERCANVARYSIGNIFICANTLYFROMANEMPLOYEEVIEWPOINTTOTHATOFTHEEMPLOYERLONGETAL44SUPPORTEDTHATANEMPLOYEEWHOSEPERFORMANCEISBELOWAVERAGEMAYBEFORCEDOUTOFANORGANIZATIONWITHTHREATSOFFIRINGORWITHUNATTRACTIVEHOURSORASSIGNMENTS,YETIFTHEEMPLOYEEINITIATESTHETERMINATIONSHIMSELF,THEYARERECORDEDASVOLUNTARYACCORDINGTOSTAW66,VOLUNTARYEMPLOYEETURNOVERCANBECAUSEDBYLACKOFJOBSATISFACTION,ALTERNATIVEJOBOPPORTUNITIESASWELLASJOBSTRESSWHENLOOKINGATVOLUNTARYTURNOVER,ITISIMPORTANTTOCONSIDERATTRACTIONSSUCHASAVAILABLEALTERNATIVESHOWEVER,VOLUNTARYEMPLOYEETURNOVERCANBEPREDICTEDANDINTURNBECONTROLLED212INVOLUNTARYTURNOVERINVOLUNTARYEMPLOYEETURNOVERACCORDINGTOBOOTHANDHAMER18ISADISCHARGETHATREFLECTSANEMPLOYER’SDECISIONTOTERMINATETHEEMPLOYMENTRELATIONSHIPGRIFFETH34REPORTEDTHATINVOLUNTARYEMPLOYEETURNOVERINCLUDESDEATH,RETIREMENTANDDISMISSALBOXALLANDPURCELL17FURTHEREXPLAINEDTHATTURNOVERINITIATEDBYANEMPLOYEESUCHASRESIGNINGTOTAKECAREOFATERMINALLYILLFAMILYMEMBERSHOULDALSOBECONSIDEREDASINVOLUNTARYTURNOVERSINCEITINVOLVESREASONSOVERWHICHTHEEMPLOYEEHASNOCONTROLCARMELLI21ALSODEFINESINVOLUNTARYTURNOVERASTHENEEDTOCUTCOSTS,DOWNSIZEORRESTRUCTUREDUETOREASONSWHICHAREINDEPENDENTOFTHEAFFECTEDEMPLOYEESTHISREPRESENTSADECISIONORCHOICEMADEBYTHEEMPLOYERCHIUANDFRANCESCO23THINKTHATTHEDISTINCTIONBETWEENVOLUNTARYANDINVOLUNTARYTURNOVERISIMPORTANTBUTNOTSTRAIGHTFORWARDEMPLOYEESLEAVINGORGANIZATIONSMAYWISHNOTTODISCLOSETHEREALREASONSFORLEAVINGASTHEYAREDEPENDENTONTHEORGANIZATIONFORFUTUREREFERENCE18,45213AVOIDABLEANDUNAVOIDABLETURNOVERBUHLER20REPORTEDTHATAVOIDABLETURNOVERRESULTSFROMLIFEDECISIONSTHATEXTENDBEYONDANEMPLOYER’SCONTROL,SUCHASADECISIONTOMOVETOANEWAREAORAJOBTRANSFERFORASPOUSEAVOIDABLETURNOVERISSOMETHINGORGANIZATIONSCANPREVENTBYHIRING,EVALUATINGANDMOTIVATING

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