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簡介：IEEETRANSACTIONSONINDUSTRYAPPLICATIONS,VOL49,NO3,MAY/JUNE20131129STABILITYANALYSISOFMAXIMUMPOWERPOINTTRACKINGMPPTMETHODINWINDPOWERSYSTEMSYUZOU,MALIKEELBULUK,SENIORMEMBER,IEEE,ANDYILMAZSOZER,MEMBER,IEEEABSTRACTTHEMAXIMUMPOWERPOINTTRACKINGMPPTMETHODISTHEKEYTONOTABLYIMPROVEEFFICIENCYANDENERGYEXTRACTIONINWINDTURBINESYSTEMSTHEMPPTMETHODTHROUGHTHECHARACTERISTICPOWERCURVEISONEOFTHEPOPULARMPPTMETHODSTHEREFERENCECURRENTCANBEOBTAINEDUSINGTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENPOWERANDCURRENTWITHOUTREQUIRINGREALTIMEWINDSPEEDINFORMATIONTHISPAPERPRESENTSTHESTEADYSTATEANDDYNAMICANALYSESOFTHISMPPTMETHODANDPROPOSESASINGLEPOLETRANSFERFUNCTIONTODESCRIBETHEEFFECTOFVARIATIONOFWINDSPEEDONTHEGENERATORSPEEDTHISISCONDUCTEDBYAPPLYINGTHESMALLSIGNALANALYSISONANONLINEARTURBINEROTORMECHANICALSYSTEMTOVERIFYTHEPERFORMANCEOFTHEWINDTURBINESYSTEM,BOTHSIMULATIONANDEXPERIMENTALSYSTEMSAREIMPLEMENTEDBASEDONMPPTPOWERCONTROLBYTHEVARIATIONOFWINDSPEED,THEBEHAVIOROFTHEGENERATORSPEEDPRESENTSGOODCONSISTENCYAMONGTHEPROPOSEDTHEORY,SIMULATION,ANDEXPERIMENTSINDEXTERMSDOUBLYFEDINDUCTIONGENERATORDFIG,MAXIMUMPOWERPOINTTRACKINGMPPTMETHOD,SMALLSIGNALMODEL,WINDEMULATOR,WINDPOWERSYSTEMIINTRODUCTIONASONEOFTHEMOSTCOMMONLYUSEDRENEWABLEENERGYSOURCES,WINDISTHEMOSTPROMISINGONEFORREPLACINGTHEFOSSILFUELINTHENEARFUTURETOACHIEVEHIGHEFFICIENCYINAWINDPOWERCONVERSIONSYSTEM,THEMAXIMUMPOWERPOINTTRACKINGMPPTINVARIABLESPEEDOPERATIONSYSTEMS,LIKEDOUBLYFEDINDUCTIONGENERATORDFIGANDPERMANENTMAGNETSYNCHRONOUSGENERATORSYSTEMS,ATTRACTSALOTOFATTENTION1–3THESTUDIEDMPPTMETHODSINTHEHISTORYINCLUDETHREESTRATEGIES,NAMELY1METHODSRELYINGONWINDSPEED2METHODSRELYINGONOUTPUTPOWERMEASUREMENTANDCALCULATIONAND3METHODSRELYINGONCHARACTERISTICPOWERCURVEMOSTWINDENERGYCONTROLSYSTEMSAREBASEDONTHEWINDSPEEDMEASUREMENT4,5INTHESESYSTEMS,ANEMOMETERSARETYPICALLYREQUIREDTOMEASURETHEWINDSPEEDSUCHSYSTEMSSUFFERFROMADDITIONALCOSTOFSENSORSANDCOMPLEXITYTOSOLVETHISPROBLEM,WINDSPEEDESTIMATIONMETHODSHAVEBEENREPORTEDMANUSCRIPTRECEIVEDJUNE30,2011REVISEDDECEMBER19,2011ACCEPTEDMAY8,2012DATEOFPUBLICATIONMARCH13,2013DATEOFCURRENTVERSIONMAY15,2013PAPER2011IACC163R1,PRESENTEDATTHE2011IEEEINDUSTRYAPPLICATIONSSOCIETYANNUALMEETING,ORLANDO,FL,USA,OCTOBER9–13,ANDAPPROVEDFORPUBLICATIONINTHEIEEETRANSACTIONSONINDUSTRYAPPLICATIONSBYTHEINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONANDCONTROLCOMMITTEEOFTHEIEEEINDUSTRYAPPLICATIONSSOCIETYYZOUWASWITHTHEDEPARTMENTOFELECTRICALANDCOMPUTERENGINEERING,THEUNIVERSITYOFAKRON,AKRON,OH443253904USAHEISNOWWITHTHEDEPARTMENTOFELECTRICALANDCOMPUTERENGINEERING,SAGINAWVALLEYSTATEUNIVERSITY,SAGINAW,MI48710USAEMAILYZOUL123SVSUEDUMEELBULUKANDYSOZERAREWITHTHEDEPARTMENTOFELECTRICALANDCOMPUTERENGINEERING,THEUNIVERSITYOFAKRON,AKRON,OH443253904USAEMAILMELBULUKUAKRONEDUYSUAKRONEDUCOLORVERSIONSOFONEORMOREOFTHEFIGURESINTHISPAPERAREAVAILABLEONLINEATHTTP//IEEEXPLOREIEEEORGDIGITALOBJECTIDENTIFIER101109/TIA20132251854FIG1CHARACTERISTICPOWERCURVEBASEDMPPT6–9RELYINGONCOMPLEXSOFTWAREALGORITHMS,THEWINDSPEEDCANBECAPTUREDFORCONTROLLINGTHEOPTIMALTIPSPEEDRATIOSOTHATTHEMPPTCANBEIMPLEMENTEDINADDITION,TRACKINGTHEMAXIMUMPOWERCOULDALSOBEIMPLEMENTEDTHROUGHMEASURINGTHEOUTPUTPOWERDIRECTLY10–13THEIDEAOFTHISMETHODISTHEONLINEMEASUREMENTOFTHEOUTPUTPOWERANDCHECKINGTHERATEOFCHANGEOFPOWERWITHRESPECTTOSPEED,IE,DP/DΩ,TOEXTRACTMAXIMUMPOWERFROMTHEWINDTURBINESYSTEMMPPTCANBEACHIEVEDWHENDP/DΩ0,THROUGHADJUSTINGEITHERTHEROTORSPEEDORDUTYCYCLEOFTHECONVERTERTHISMETHODRELIESONALARGEAMOUNTOFONLINECOMPUTATION,ANDTHUS,ITWOULDBEDIFFICULTTOACHIEVEMPPTFORFASTVARYINGWINDSPEEDSALTHOUGHTHEVARYINGTRACKINGSTEPCOULDBEUSEDTOIMPROVECOMPUTATIONSPEED,THISDISADVANTAGECANNOTBEELIMINATEDRECENTLY,APROPOSEDMETHODOFEMPLOYINGTHEPOWERVERSUSROTORSPEEDCHARACTERISTICCURVEISFREQUENTLYUSEDDUETOITSSIMPLICITYINHARDWAREANDSOFTWARE14–17THEOPTIMALREFERENCEPOWERCURVEISCONSTRUCTEDACCORDINGTOEXPERIMENTALTESTSANDPROGRAMMEDINAMICROCONTROLLERMEMORY,WORKINGASALOOKUPTABLETHESYSTEMCONFIGURATIONISILLUSTRATEDINFIG1ONECOULDEITHERMEASURETHEROTORSPEEDANDOBTAINTHEPOWERREFERENCETOREGULATETHEPOWERORMEASURETHEWINDSPEEDANDOBTAINTHEROTORSPEEDREFERENCETOREGULATETHEROTORSPEEDTHEFORMERPRODUCESMOREACCURATEOUTPUTPOWERWHILETHELATTERWILLHAVEFASTERCONTROLRESPONSE18ASIDEFROMANACCURATEREFERENCEPOWERCURVE,ANALYSISISNECESSARYTOVERIFYTHESTABILITYOFTHEMETHODINTERMSOFVARYINGWINDSPEEDANDOUTPUTPOWERFEWPUBLICATIONSJUSTADDRESSTHESTABILITYISSUEOFSUCHMETHOD19,BUTMOREDETAILEDQUANTITATIVEANALYSISSHOULDBECONDUCTEDTHISPAPERSTUDIESTHEPERFORMANCEOFWINDTURBINEUNDERREFERENCEPOWERCURVEMPPTPOWERCONTROLINPARTICULAR,ITPRESENTSASMALLSIGNALANALYSISONGENERATORSPEEDDYNAMICSINDUCEDBYVARIABLEWINDSPEEDALSO,ANEXPERIMENTALSETUPTOEMULATETHEWINDTURBINEOPERATIONINTORQUECONTROLMODEISPRESENTEDBOTHSTEADYSTATEANDDYNAMICRESPONSESAREIMPLEMENTEDTOVERIFYTHEPROPOSEDANALYSISANDCONCLUSIONSSECTIONIIWILLPRESENTHOWTOOBTAINTHEOPTIMALREFERENCEPOWERCURVEANDANALYZETHESTABILITYOFTHISMETHODBYCONDUCTINGTHESMALLSIGNALANALYSISSECTIONIIIWILLPRESENTTHE00939994/3100?2013IEEEZOUETALSTABILITYANALYSISOFMPPTMETHODINWINDPOWERSYSTEMS1131FIG3CONVERGENCEOFSYSTEMOPERATIONTOTHEREFERENCEPOWERCURVEFIG4SISOMODELOFWINDMECHANICALSYSTEMWHEREJDENOTESTHEINERTIAOFTHECOMBINEDSYSTEM,BISTHEDAMPINGCOEFFICIENT,ΩMISTHEGENERATORROTORSPEED,ANDTMANDTEREPRESENTTHETURBINEANDGENERATORTORQUES,RESPECTIVELYCOMBININGTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTORQUEANDPOWER,2CANBEREWRITTENINTERMSOFPOWERASJDΩMDTPWΩM?PEΩM?BΩM3WHEREPWANDPEARETHETURBINEANDGENERATORPOWERS,RESPECTIVELYPWISDETERMINEDBYWINDSPEEDVW,GENERATORSPEEDΩM,AIRDENSITYΡ,ANDBLADESWEPTAREAAΠR2ASPW05ΡAV3WCPΩM,VW4WHERECPΩM,VWISTHETURBINEPERFORMANCECOEFFICIENTANDISEXPRESSEDASFOLLOWS4CPΩM,VWC1?C2ΛP?C3Β?C4?E?C5ΛIC6Λ5WHERE1/ΛP1/Λ008Β?0035/Β21,ΛΩMR/VW,ΒISTHEPITCHANGLE,ANDC1～C6ARETHECOEFFICIENTSDETERMINEDBYINDIVIDUALTURBINECHARACTERISTICSCOMBINING1–5,WECANWRITE˙ΩMFΩM,VW6THEREFORE,THEMECHANICALSYSTEMCANBEMODELEDASANONLINEARSINGLEINPUTSINGLEOUTPUTSISOSYSTEMASSHOWNINFIG4LINEARIZING6ATOPTIMALOPERATINGPOINTSLEADSTOΔ˙ΩMA1ΔΩMA2ΔVW7WHERE,FORGIVENWINDSPEEDINDEXI,A1I?F?ΩM????ΩMΩMOPTI,VWVWI8A2I?F?VW????ΩMΩMOPTI,VWVWI9TABLEISIMULATIONSYSTEMPARAMETERSINOTHERWORDS,7EXPLORESTHESTABILITYOFSYSTEMTRANSITIONINGFROMONEOPTIMALPOINTTOANOTHER,DUETOTHEVARIATIONINVWAPPLYINGTHELAPLACETRANSFORMON7YIELDSSΔΩMSA1ΔΩMSA2ΔVWS10THETRANSFERFUNCTIONBETWEENΔΩMSANDΔVWSISDERIVEDASΔΩMSΔVWSA2IS?A1I11FROM11,ITISCLEARTHATTHETRANSITIONFROMONEOPTIMALPOINTΩMOPTI,VWITOANOTHERΩMOPTI1,VWI1ISSTABLE,ASLONGASA1I0IIISIMULATIONANDEXPERIMENTALRESULTSSINCETHEANALYSISISCONDUCTEDONGENERALTURBINEROTORSYSTEM,THECONCLUSIONDRAWNEARLIERWILLBEAPPROPRIATETODIFFERENTWINDPOWERSYSTEMSEMPLOYINGTHEDISCUSSEDMPPTMETHODTOVERIFYTHESTABILITYANALYSIS,THECHARACTERISTICPOWERCURVEMPPTMETHODISEMPLOYEDONASIMULATIONOFA15MWDFIGWINDPOWERSYSTEMTHESYSTEMPARAMETERSARELISTEDINTABLEITHECONTROLSCHEMESARESHOWNINFIG5,WHEREHΨS,PREF,ΩMISTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENSTATORFLUXANDROTORDAXISCURRENTANDISDISCUSSEDINDETAILIN20BYAPPLYINGTHESTATORVOLTAGEFIELDORIENTATION,THEROTORANDSTATORSIDECONVERTERSARECONTROLLEDTOREGULATETHEOUTPUTACTIVEANDREACTIVEPOWERSANDTHEDCBUSVOLTAGE,RESPECTIVELY,WHEREPLOSSANDΨSARETHEPOWERLOSSANDSTATORFLUXWHILETHESUBSCRIPTSD,Q,R,S,RC,ANDSCREPRESENTTHEDAXIS,QAXIS,ROTOR,STATOR,ROTORSIDECONVERTER,ANDSTATORSIDECONVERTERQUANTITIES20ONTHEOTHERHAND,ASCALEDDOWNEXPERIMENTALSYSTEMISBUILTTOEMULATETHETURBINEOPERATIONSTHEREFORE,BOTHSTEADYSTATEANDDYNAMICSYSTEMBEHAVIORSCANBEIMPLEMENTEDANDINVESTIGATEDASYSTEMSIMULATIONTOCONDUCTTHEMPPT,THEOPTIMALOPERATINGPOWERCURVEPEΩMMUSTBEDETERMINEDBYFINDINGTHEOPTIMALOPERATINGPOINTSΩMOPT,POPTTHEMETHODOFDETERMININGTHEΩMOPTANDPOPTFORTHEWINDSPEEDOF9M/SISEXECUTEDFIRSTTHROUGHSIMULATIONSACONTINUOUSSTEPINTHEGENERATORSPEEDCOMMANDISAPPLIEDWITHFIXEDSTEPMAGNITUDE|ΔΩM|0005RAD/SANDPERIODTS_VAR2STHEPOWERANDGENERATORSPEEDDATAAREOBTAINEDFROMDFIGSYSTEMSIMULATIONSANDARESHOWNINFIG6ALTHOUGHTHEOSCILLATIONSAPPEARATEACHMOMENTWHENTHE

簡介：中文中文4100漢字出處YUZ,ELBULUKME,SOZERYSTABILITYANALYSISOFMAXIMUMPOWERPOINTTRACKINGMPPTMETHODINWINDPOWERSYSTEMSJIEEETRANSACTIONSONINDUSTRYAPPLICATIONS,2013,49311291136畢業(yè)設計（論文）譯文部分原文著作（期刊）名稱IEEETRANSACTIONSONINDUSTRYAPPLICATIONS作者YUZOU，MALIKEELBULUK，YILMAZSOZER原文出版單位IEEEJOURNALSMAGAZINES原文出版時間2013年3月原文出版地點美國風電系統(tǒng)中最大功率點跟蹤法的穩(wěn)定分析摘要摘要最大功率點跟蹤（MPPT）法是顯著提高風力機系統(tǒng)效率和能量獲取的關鍵。借助特征功率曲線的MPPT法是最常用的MPPT法之一。通過功率和電流之間的關系可以獲得參考電壓而不需要實時風速信息。本文介紹了該MPPT法的穩(wěn)態(tài)和動態(tài)分析并提出一個單極傳遞函數來描述風速變化對發(fā)電機轉速的影響。這是通過在一類非線性轉子機械系統(tǒng)應用小信號分析。為了驗證風力機系統(tǒng)的性能，在MPPT功率控制的基礎上實現(xiàn)了仿真和實驗系統(tǒng)。風速變化時，發(fā)電機轉速的變化表現(xiàn)出理論、仿真和實驗的良好一致。關鍵詞關鍵詞雙饋感應發(fā)電機（DFIG），最大功率點跟蹤（MPPT）法，小信號模型，風模擬器，風力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)Ⅰ引言作為一種最常用的可再生能源，風是在未來最有希望取代化石燃料的一種。為了在風能轉換系統(tǒng)中得到高效率，變速操作系統(tǒng)的最大功率點跟蹤，像雙饋感應發(fā)電機和永磁同步發(fā)電機系統(tǒng)，吸引了很多的關注13。歷史上研究的最大功率點跟蹤法包括三種，即（1）依賴于風速的方法；（2）依賴于輸出功率測量和計算的方法；（3）依賴于功率曲線的方法。大多數風能控制系統(tǒng)都基于風速測量4,5。在這些系統(tǒng)中，通常用風速計測量風速。這樣的系統(tǒng)中，傳感器和復雜性帶來額外成本。為了解決這個問題，風速估計系統(tǒng)已經被發(fā)表69。依賴復雜的軟件算法，風速可以被捕獲用題是發(fā)電機轉速和輸出功率是否沿這這個參考功率曲線隨風速變化收斂，即這個方法對不同風速是否穩(wěn)定。部分ⅡA會通過改變發(fā)電機轉速和功率，當功率變化率為零時，從實驗中捕捉最佳參考工作點。然后，連接所有工作點的擬合曲線就構成了參考功率曲線。接下來是ⅡB部分，通過一個簡單的機械模型獲得傳遞函數，提出基于小信號分析的最佳功率參考曲線PE。傳遞函數顯示M?了風速變化和發(fā)電機轉速之間的關系，有助于預測穩(wěn)定性和動態(tài)響應。A最佳參考功率曲線PEM?最佳功率參考曲線PE對于任何給定風速（）通過最佳功率（POPT）M??V和發(fā)電機最佳轉速（）獲得。對于一個給定的，發(fā)電機轉速和輸出MOPT??VM?功率P是可以測得的。滿足DP/DW0的P和就是對于具體的和M??VMOPT?POPT。對于不同的重復同樣的程序，連接所有最佳工作點得到擬合曲線。這?V條擬合曲線被用作參考功率曲線PE。圖2為制作PE曲線的過程，其M?M?中K和I是工作點和風速的標志。因為這是一個離線程序，測量計算不會影響在線系統(tǒng)的運行速度。

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