簡介：畢設(shè)附件外文文獻翻譯原文及譯文3500字原文STUDYOFSERVICEQUALITYMANAGEMENTINHOTELINDUSTRYBORKARSAMEERABSTRACTITISANATTEMPTTOUNDERSTANDTHEROLEOFQUALITYIMPROVEMENTPROCESSINHOSPITALITYINDUSTRYANDEFFECTIVENESSINMAKINGITSUSTAINABLEBUSINESSENTERPRISEITISASURVEYOFTHEPRESENTLYADOPTEDQUALITYMANAGEMENTTOOLSWHICHAREMAKINGTHEHOTELSOPERATIONSBETTERFOCUSEDANDRELIABLEANDMEETTHECUSTOMEREXPECTATIONSDESCRIPTIVERESEARCHDESIGNISUSEDTOKNOWTHEPARAMETERSOFSERVICEQUALITYMANAGEMENTINHOSPITALITYINDUSTRYEXPLORATORYRESEARCHDESIGNISUNDERTAKENTODIGOUTTHESERVICEQUALITYMANAGEMENTPRACTICESANDITSEFFECTIVENESSDATAANALYSISISDONEANDPRESENTEDHYPOTHESISISTESTEDAGAINSTTHECOLLECTEDDATASINCETHEINDUSTRYCONTINUOUSLYTRIESTOIMPROVEUPONTHEIRSERVICESTOMEETTHELEVELSOFCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONSTUDYPRESENTSTOOLSFORCONTINUOUSIMPROVEMENTPROCESSANDHOWITBENEFITSALLTHESTAKEHOLDERSITCANBEINFERREDFROMTHESTUDYTHATTHEHOTELIMPLEMENTCONTINUOUSIMPROVEMENTPROCESSANDQUALITYMANAGEMENTTOOLSTOREMAINCOMPETITIVEINTHEMARKETTHESTUDYINVOLVESHOTELSOFHIGHLYCOMPETITIVEMARKETWITHLIMITEDNUMBEROFRESPONDENTSTHISLIMITSTHESTUDYTOHOTELINDUSTRYANDHASSCOPEOFINCLUDINGOTHERHOSPITALITYSERVICEPROVIDERSASWELLKEYWORDSCUSTOMERSATISFACTION,PERCEPTION,PERFORMANCEMEASUREMENT,CONTINUOUS,IMPROVEMENTPROCESSINTRODUCTIONITHASBROUGHTPARADIGMSHIFTSINTHEOPERATIONSOFHOSPITALITYINDUSTRYTHEOVERALLPERSPECTIVEOFTHEINDUSTRYISCHANGEDDUETOINTRODUCTIONOFNEWTECHNIQUESANDMETHODSOFHANDLINGVARIOUSPROCESSESAWARENESSAMONGTHEHOTELIERSANDTHEGUESTSHASFUELLEDTHEINVENTIONSFOCUSEDONOPERATIONSTHEINCREASEDSAGACITYOFCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONLEDTOTHEUSEOFHIGHSTANDARDSOFSERVICEININDUSTRYTHENEWSERVICEPARAMETERSMADETHEHOTELIERSTOIMPLEMENTQUALITYMANAGEMENTASANEFFECTIVEAIDITHASSIGNIFICANTLYAFFECTEDHOTELSABILITYTOCONTROLANDADAPTTOCHANGINGENVIRONMENTSTHEUSEOFNEWTECHNIQUESBEGANWITHTHESIMPLEMOTIVEOFSOPHISTICATIONANDPRECISEACTIVITIESINTHEGIVENFIELDOFOPERATIONWHICHMAYRESULTINHIGHSTANDARDSOFSERVICEINGLOBALECONOMYANDHASALLOWEDTHERISEOFALEISURECLASSCONCEPTUALFRAMEWORKTHISSTUDYOFSERVICEQUALITYMANAGEMENTINHOSPITALITYINDUSTRYISANATTEMPTTOUNDERSTANDTHEPRESENCEOFQUALITYIMPROVEMENTPROCESSINHOSPITALITYINDUSTRYANDEFFECTIVENESSINMAKINGITSUSTAINABLEBUSINESSENTERPRISEITISASURVEYOFTHEPRESENTLYADOPTEDQUALITYMANAGEMENTTOOLSWHICHAREMAKINGTHEHOTELSOPERATIONSSAFER,FOCUSEDANDRELIABLEANDMEETTHECUSTOMEREXPECTATIONSASTHEHOSPITALITYINDUSTRYBECOMESMORECOMPETITIVETHEREISANOBVIOUSNEEDTORETAINCLIENTELEASWELLASINCREASINGPROFITABILITYANDHENCEMANAGEMENTPROFESSIONALSCOMPANIESDELIVERINGSERVICESMUSTBROADENTHEIREXAMINATIONOFPRODUCTIVITYTOHELPSETTLECONFLICTS–THELEVERAGESYNERGIES–BETWEENIMPROVINGSERVICEQUALITYANDBOOSTINGSERVICEPRODUCTIVITYPARASURAMANA2002AKEYACTIVITYISTOCONDUCTREGULARLYSCHEDULEDREVIEWOFPROGRESSBYQUALITYCOUNCILORWORKINGGROUPANDMANAGEMENTMUSTESTABLISHASYSTEMTOIDENTIFYAREASFORFUTUREIMPROVEMENTANDTOTRACKPERFORMANCEWITHRESPECTTOINTERNALANDEXTERNALCUSTOMERSTHEYMUSTALSOTRACKTHECHANGINGPREFERENCESOFCUSTOMERCONTINUOUSIMPROVEMENTMEANSNOTONLYBEINGSATISFIEDWITHDOINGAGOODJOBORPROCESSITISACCOMPLISHEDBYINCORPORATINGPROCESSMEASUREMENTANDTEAMPROBLEMSOLVINGANALLWORKACTIVITIESORGANIZATIONMUSTCONTINUOUSLYSTRIVEFOREXCELLENCEBYREDUCINGCOMPLEXITY,VARIATIONANDOUTOFCONTROLPROCESSPLANDSTUDYACTPDSADEVELOPEDBYSHEWHARTANDLATERONMODIFIEDBYDEMINGISANEFFECTIVEIMPROVEMENTTECHNIQUEFIRSTPLANCAREFULLY,THENCARRYOUTPLAN,STUDYTHERESULTSANDCHECKWHETHERTHEPLANWORKEDEXACTLYASINTENDEDANDACTONRESULTSBYIDENTIFYINGWHATWORKEDASPLANNEDANDWHATDIDNTWORKCONTINUOUSPROCESSIMPROVEMENTISTHEOBJECTIVEANDTHESEPHASESOFPDSAARETHEFRAMEWORKTOACHIEVETHOSEOBJECTIVESBESTERFIELDDETAL2003THESERVICESCAPEISAGENERALTERMTODESCRIBETHEPHYSICALSURROUNDINGSOFASERVICEENVIRONMENTREIMER2005,P786SUCHASAHOTELORCRUISESHIPGUESTSARESOMETIMESUNCONSCIOUSLYTRYINGTOOBTAINASMUCHINFORMATIONASPOSSIBLETHROUGHEXPERIENCESTODECREASEINFORMATIONASYMMETRIESTHISCAUSESGUESTSTOLOOKFORQUALITYSIGNALSORCUESWHICHWOULDPROVIDETHEMWITHINFORMATIONABOUTTHESERVICE,WHICHLEADSUSTOCUEUTILIZATIONTHEORYCUEUTILIZATIONTHEORYSTATESTHATPRODUCTSORSERVICESCONSISTOFSEVERALARRAYSOFCUESTHATSERVEASSURROGATEINDICATORSOFPRODUCTORSERVICEQUALITYTHEREAREBOTHINTRINSICANDEXTRINSICCUESTOHELPGUESTSDETERMINEQUALITYCONSEQUENTIALLY,DUETOTHELIMITEDTANGIBILITYOFSERVICES,GUESTSAREOFTENLEFTTOACCEPTTHEPRICEOFTHEEXPERIENCEANDTHEPHYSICALAPPEARANCEORENVIRONMENTOFTHEHOTELORCRUISESHIPITSELFASQUALITYINDICATORSTHOUGHTHEREAREMANYTRADEANDACADEMICPAPERSDISCUSSINGGUESTSATISFACTIONHASBEENPUBLISHED,ONECANNOTETHATLIMITEDATTENTIONHASBEENPAIDTOTHEVALUEPERCEPTIONANDEXPECTATIONSGUESTSHAVETOWARDSPRODUCTDELIVERYANDINFLUENCEPRICEGUESTSPAYFORANEXPERIENCEHASONSATISFACTIONANDFUTURESPENDINGFURTHERMOREITISALSOKNOWNTHATTHEROLEOFPRICINGINRELATIONTOGUESTDETERMINANTSOFPERCEIVEDQUALITYOFSERVICESTHISISAMAJORCHALLENGEINIMPROVINGORMAINTAININGAHIGHLEVELOFSERVICEQUALITYTIGINEHMETAL1992STUDIESFOCUSINGONSERVICEQUALITYMANAGEMENTSUGGESTTHATSERVICEFIRMSSPENDTOOLITTLEEFFORTONPLANNINGFORSERVICEQUALITYTHERESULTANTCOSTSOFPOORSERVICEQUALITYPLANNINGLEADTOLOWERPROFITABILITYASPARTOFTHESERVICEFAILURESSTUARTF,ETAL1996WHENDISCUSSINGSATISFACTION,ITISIMPORTANTTOUNDERSTANDTHATGUE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簡介：畢業(yè)設(shè)計畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文外文資料翻料翻譯正文正文汽車的轉(zhuǎn)向控制附件件SPINCONTROLFORCARS指導(dǎo)教師評語簽名年月日（VDC），而默西迪稱它為穩(wěn)定電控系統(tǒng)（ESP），作用就是在任何狀況下維持車輛的穩(wěn)定性。博世公司開發(fā)了這項系統(tǒng)，奔馳公司把它應(yīng)用于車輛。工程師默西迪絲在柏林應(yīng)用戴姆勒奔馳汽車虛擬駕駛模擬器在極限情況下對系統(tǒng)進行評估，例如極強的側(cè)風(fēng)。然后他們在瑞典的安杰普勞附近的后娜瓦安湖的冰面上進行性能測試。工作通常是在公路上進行以適用于公共汽車和大卡車，例如避免的折合問題。穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)將在1995年中應(yīng)用于歐洲S系列產(chǎn)品上，隨后會在1996年進入美國市場（1995年11月產(chǎn)品）。用戶可以選擇750美元的系統(tǒng)，就像應(yīng)用于默西迪絲的試驗用的V8發(fā)動機上的，也可以選擇價格為2400美元的應(yīng)用于六缸發(fā)動機汽車的系統(tǒng)。后者的系統(tǒng)中差不多有1650美元是用于牽引控制系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)是穩(wěn)定性系統(tǒng)的先決條件。并不是只有博世公司一家在開發(fā)這樣的安全系統(tǒng)，美國密歇根州的ITT（美國國際電信公司）汽車公司的奧伯恩希爾，在1995年1月底特律北美國際汽車展覽會上展示了了?忣????峂?悇管理系統(tǒng)（ASMS），“車輛控制器應(yīng)該像空對地導(dǎo)彈的控制器那樣，比較而言，事實上那已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)了，不同的是兩者的費用不同”，美國國際電信公司駐歐洲空對地導(dǎo)彈控制工程負(fù)責(zé)人約翰尼斯格雷得說。北美ITT公司“汽車制動和底盤工程”主管湯姆麥茲指出，在未來十年美國國際電信公司的系統(tǒng)要首先出現(xiàn)在車輛上。很多工程師正在六輛特殊制造的精密車輛模型上調(diào)試這種系統(tǒng)。一個比較簡單和較低效率的博世的穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)也在1995年出現(xiàn)在慕尼黑寶馬公司的AG系列750IL和850CIV12兩款車上。寶馬公司的穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)（DSC）運用的車輪速度傳感器同牽引控制系統(tǒng)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ABS防抱死系統(tǒng)一樣能夠識別外部情況，使車輛更容易實現(xiàn)曲線行駛和轉(zhuǎn)彎。為了檢測出車輛轉(zhuǎn)彎時潛在的危險，DSC系統(tǒng)檢測的是兩前輪在轉(zhuǎn)彎時的速度差，DSC系統(tǒng)添加了一個更高級的角度傳感器利用現(xiàn)有的一個車輛速度，并且引入了它自身帶有的關(guān)于完全抱死系統(tǒng)，牽引控制系統(tǒng)，穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)軟件控制原理。新的博世和ITT自動穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)得益于航空工業(yè)高級技術(shù)的發(fā)展，就像超音速發(fā)動機，汽車的穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)單元運用一個基于計算機系統(tǒng)的傳感器來調(diào)和人與系統(tǒng)之間的，還有輪胎與地面之間差異。另外，系統(tǒng)采用了用于導(dǎo)彈制導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)的回旋傳感器。優(yōu)于ABS防抱死系統(tǒng)和牽引控制系統(tǒng)之處根據(jù)范桑特和博世公司的瑞娜伊哈德，杰瑞帕夫在汽車工程師雜志所提到的，穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)是ABS防抱死系統(tǒng)和牽引控制系統(tǒng)的合理擴展。但是ABS系統(tǒng)的作

簡介：外文文獻翻譯外文文獻翻譯含英文原文及中文譯文含英文原文及中文譯文譯文字?jǐn)?shù)譯文字?jǐn)?shù)3700多字文獻出處文獻出處JEHNBERGPOWEROFCOMMUNITYDISTRIBUTIONTODESIGNJVALUEENGINEERING,2016,231421英文原文英文原文POWEROFCOMMUNITYDISTRIBUTIONTODESIGNJEHNBERGABSTRACTTHEBASICFUNCTIONOFTHEELECTRICPOWERSYSTEMISTOTRANSPORTTHEELECTRICPOWERTOWARDSCUSTOMERSTHEL0KVELECTRICDISTRIBUTIONNETISAKEYPOINTTHATCONNECTSTHEPOWERSUPPLYWITHTHEELECTRICITYUSINGONTHEINDUSTRY,BUSINESSANDDAILYLIFEFORTHEELECTRICPOWER,ALLCOSTUMERSEXPECTTOPAYTHELOWESTPRICEFORTHEHIGHESTRELIABILITY,BUTDONTCONSIDERTHATITSSELFCONTRADICTORYINTHECOEXISTENCEOFECONOMYANDRELIABLETOIMPROVETHERELIABILITYOFTHEPOWERSUPPLYNETWORK,WEMUSTINCREASETHEINVESTMENTCOSTOFTHENETWORKCONSTRUCTIONBUT,IFTHECOSTTHATIMPROVETHERELIABILITYOFTHENETWORKCONSTRUCTION,BUTTHEINVESTMENTONTHISKINDOFCONSTRUCTIONWOULDBEWORTHLESSIFTHEREDUCINGLOSSISONTHEPOWEROFFISLESSTHANTHEINCREASINGINVESTMENTONIMPROVINGTHERELIABILITYTHUSWEFINDOUTABALANCEPOINTTOMAKETHEMOSTECONOMIC,BETWEENTHEINVESTMENTANDTHELOSSBYCALCULATINGTHEMANAGEINTHEPAST,LARGECAPACITYLOWVOLTAGECIRCUITBREAKERSGRADUALLYINCREASEDTHECAPACITYOFTHESHORTCIRCUITCURRENT,GRADUALLYREDUCEDTHESCALE,ANDBECAMEMORESTABLE,MAKINGTHESYSTEMSAFERANDMORERELIABLE,WHICHFACILITATEDTHEDESIGNTOWARDSTHEDEVELOPMENTOFINTELLIGENTLOWVOLTAGECIRCUITBREAKERS,VARIOUSPARAMETERSOFTHECIRCUITBREAKERCANBECONTROLLEDBYTHEBUSINDUSTRYANDTHESIGNALSARETRANSMITTEDDIRECTLYTOTHECOMPUTERTHEAPPEARANCEOFDRYTYPETRANSFORMERSHASBROUGHTGREATCONVENIENCETOTHEELECTRICALDESIGNOFBUILDINGSBECAUSETHEREISNOPOSSIBILITYOFLEAKAGEOFTRANSFORMEROILANDFIRESOTHATITCANBEEASILYINSTALLEDINTHEBUILDINGITSELFANDEVENDIRECTLYINTOTHELOADCENTERITALSOELIMINATESTHETRANSFORMERSDEMANDFOROILANDCANUSEDRYTYPETRANSFORMERSWHENBUILDINGLARGECAPACITYEQUIPMENTFOURTAIWANESE2500KVADRYTYPETRANSFORMERSHAVEBEENUSEDINACTUALENGINEERINGDESIGNINTERMSOFUSINGEMERGENCYGENERATORS,ITISMUCHMOREADVANCEDTHANINTHEPASTINTERMSOFPERFORMANCEANDSIZEINADDITIONTOUSINGDIESELGENERATORSEMERGENCYLIGHTINGUSESEPSSTANDBYPOWERDEVICESTHATINTERRUPTPOWERWITHINAMILLISECONDCANUSEUPSTHECONTROLOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTVARIESFROMTHECONTROLOFASINGLECOMPONENTTOTHECONTROLOFRELAYSINADDITIONTOTHESMALLERSIZEOFTHEVARIOUSCOMPONENTSFORBETTERPERFORMANCE,THESPECIFICATIONOFTHE

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簡介：外文資料譯文1外文資料原文OBJECTORIENTATIONANDCCISJUSTONEOFMANYPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESINUSETODAYWHYARETHERESOMANYLANGUAGESWHYDONEWONESAPPEAREVERYFEWYEARSPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESHAVEEVOLVEDTOHELPPROGRAMMERSEASETHETRANSITIONFROMDESIGNTOIMPLEMENTATIONTHEFIRSTPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESWEREVERYDEPENDENTONTHEUNDERLYINGMACHINEARCHITECTUREWRITINGPROGRAMSATTHISLEVELOFDETAILISVERYCUMBERSOMEJUSTASHARDWAREENGINEERSLEARNEDHOWTOBUILDCOMPUTERSYSTEMSOUTOFOTHERCOMPONENTS,LANGUAGEDESIGNERSALSOREALIZEDTHATPROGRAMSCOULDBEWRITTENATAMUCHHIGHERLEVEL,THEREBYSHIELDINGTHEPROGRAMMERFROMTHEDETAILSOFTHEUNDERLYINGMACHINEWHYARETHERESUCHALARGENUMBEROFHIGHLEVELPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESTHEREARELANGUAGESFORACCESSINGLARGEINVENTORYDATABASES,FORMATTINGFINANCIALREPORTS,CONTROLLINGROBOTSONTHEFACTORYFLOOR,PROCESSINGLISTS,CONTROLLINGSATELLITESINREALTIME,SIMULATINGANUCLEARREACTOR,PREDICTINGCHANGINGATMOSPHERICCONDITIONS,PLAYINGCHESS,ANDDRAWINGCIRCUITBOARDSEACHOFTHESEPROBLEMSREQUIRESDIFFERENTSETSOFDATASTRUCTURESANDALGORITHMSPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESARETOOLSTOHELPUSSOLVEPROBLEMSHOWEVER,THEREISNOTONEPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGETHATISBESTFOREVERYTYPEOFPROBLEMNEWPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESAREOFTENDEVELOPEDTOPROVIDEBETTERTOOLSFORSOLVINGAPARTICULARCLASSOFPROBLEMSOTHERLANGUAGESAREINTENDEDTOBEUSEFULFORAVARIETYOFPROBLEMDOMAINSANDAREMOREGENERALPURPOSEEACHPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGEIMPARTSAPARTICULARPROGRAMMINGSTYLEORDESIGNPHILOSOPHYONITSPROGRAMMERSWITHTHEMULTITUDEOFPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESAVAILABLETODAY,ANUMBEROFSUCHDESIGNPHILOSOPHIESHAVEEMERGEDTHESEDESIGNPHILOSOPHIES,CALLEDPROGRAMMINGPARADIGMS,HELPUSTOTHINKABOUTPROBLEMSANDFORMULATESOLUTIONS1SOFTWAREDESIGNTHROUGHPARADIGMSWHENDESIGNINGSMALLCOMPUTERPROGRAMSORLARGESOFTWARESYSTEMS,WEOFTEN外文資料譯文3ABSTRACTIONINTOPROGRAMDESIGNTHEPURPOSEOFABSTRACTIONINPROGRAMMINGISTOSEPARATEBEHAVIORFROMIMPLEMENTATIONPROCEDURESAREAFORMOFABSTRACTIONTHEPROCEDUREPERFORMSSOMETASKORFUNCTIONOTHERPARTSOFTHEPROGRAMCALLTHEPROCEDURE,KNOWINGTHATITWILLPERFORMTHETASKCORRECTLYANDEFFICIENTLY,BUTWITHOUTKNOWINGEXACTLYHOWTHEPROCEDUREISIMPLEMENTEDTHEPROCEDURALPARADIGMWITHADTSDATAABSTRACTIONISCONCERNEDWITHSEPARATINGTHEBEHAVIOROFADATAOBJECTFROMITSREPRESENTATIONORIMPLEMENTATIONFOREXAMPLE,ASTACKCONTAINSTHEOPERATIONSPUSH,POP,ANDISEMPTYASTACKOBJECTPROVIDESUSERSWITHTHESEOPERATIONS,BUTDOESNOTREVEALHOWTHESTACKISACTUALLYIMPLEMENTEDTHESTACKCOULDBEIMPLEMENTEDUSINGANARRAYORALISTUSERSOFTHESTACKOBJECTDONOTCAREHOWTHESTACKISIMPLEMENTED,ONLYTHATITPERFORMSTHEABOVEOPERATIONSCORRECTLYANDEFFICIENTLYBECAUSETHEUNDERLYINGIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEDATAOBJECTISHIDDENFROMITSUSERS,THEIMPLEMENTATIONCANEASILYBECHANGEDWITHOUTAFFECTINGTHEPROGRAMSTHATUSEITWHENWEDESIGNALGORITHMS,WEOFTENNEEDAPARTICULARDATATYPETOUSEINORDERTOCARRYOUTTHEALGORITHMSOPERATIONSTHEDESIGNOFANALGORITHMISEASIERIFWESIMPLYSPECIFYTHEDATATYPESOFTHEVARIABLES,WITHOUTWORRYINGABOUTHOWTHEACTUALDATATYPEISIMPLEMENTEDWEDESCRIBETHEDATATYPEBYITSPROPERTIESANDOPERATIONSANDASSUMETHATWHATEVERIMPLEMENTATIONISCHOSEN,THEOPERATIONSWILLWORKCORRECTLYANDEFFICIENTLYTYPESDEFINEDINTHISWAYARECALLEDABSTRACTDATATYPESADTSTHEUSEOFABSTRACTDATATYPESMAKESTHEDESIGNOFTHEALGORITHMMOREGENERAL,ANDALLOWSUSTOCONCENTRATEONTHEALGORITHMATHANDWITHOUTGETTINGBOGGEDDOWNINIMPLEMENTATIONDETAILSAFTERTHEALGORITHMSHAVEBEENDESIGNED,THEACTUALDATATYPESWILLNEEDTOBEIMPLEMENTED,ALONGWITHTHEALGORITHMSRECENTLY,PROCEDURALLANGUAGESHAVEBEENEXTENDEDTOSUPPORTTHEDEFINITIONOFNEWDATATYPESANDPROVIDEFACILITIESFORDATAABSTRACTIONTHEOBJECTORIENTEDPARADIGMTHEOBJECTORIENTEDPARADIGMRETAINSMUCHOFTHECHARACTERISTICSOFTHEPROCEDURALPARADIGM,SINCEPROCEDURESARESTILLTHEPRIMARYFORMFORCOMPOSINGCOMPUTATIONSHOWEVER,RATHERTHANOPERATEON

簡介：網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全態(tài)勢感知研究綜述網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全態(tài)勢感知研究綜述文章編號10019081201201000104DOI103724/SPJ1087201200001摘要網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全態(tài)勢感知SA的研究對于提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)的監(jiān)控能力、應(yīng)急響應(yīng)能力和預(yù)測網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的發(fā)展趨勢具有重要的意義。基于態(tài)勢感知的概念模型，詳細(xì)闡述了態(tài)勢感知的三個主要研究內(nèi)容網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全態(tài)勢要素提取、態(tài)勢理解和態(tài)勢預(yù)測，重點論述各研究點需解決的核心問題、主要算法以及各種算法的優(yōu)缺點；最后對各研究點的相關(guān)理論及其應(yīng)用實現(xiàn)的發(fā)展趨勢進行了分析和展望。關(guān)鍵詞態(tài)勢感知；網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全；數(shù)據(jù)融合；態(tài)勢預(yù)測中圖分類號TP39308文獻標(biāo)志碼ARESEARCHSURVEYOFNETWORKSECURITYSITUATIONAWARENESSXIRONGRONG,YUNXIAOCHUN,JINSHUYUAN,ZHANGYONGZHENGINSTITUTEOFCOMPUTINGTECHNOLOGY,CHINESEACADEMYOFSCIENCES,BEIJING100190,CHINABEIJING100190,CHINA2NATIONALENGINEERINGLABORATORYFORINFORMATIONSECURITYTECHNOLOGIES,BEIJING100190,CHINAABSTRACTTHERESEARCHOFNETWORKSECURITYSITUATIONAWARENESSSAISIMPORTANTINIMPROVINGTHEABILITIESOF網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全態(tài)勢感知研究是近幾年發(fā)展起來的一個熱門研究領(lǐng)域。它融合所有可獲取的信息實時評估網(wǎng)絡(luò)的安全態(tài)勢，為網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全管理員的決策分析提供依據(jù)，將不安全因素帶來的風(fēng)險和損失降到最低。網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全態(tài)勢感知在提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)的監(jiān)控能力、應(yīng)急響應(yīng)能力和預(yù)測網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的發(fā)展趨勢等方面都具有重要的意義。1網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全態(tài)勢感知概述1988年，ENDSLEY首次明確提出態(tài)勢感知的定義，態(tài)勢感知（SITUATIONAWARENESS,SA）是指“在一定的時空范圍內(nèi)，認(rèn)知、理解環(huán)境因素，并且對未來的發(fā)展趨勢進行預(yù)測”［1］，該定義的概念模型如圖1所示。但是傳統(tǒng)的態(tài)勢感知的概念主要應(yīng)用于對航空領(lǐng)域人為因素的考慮，并沒有引入到網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全領(lǐng)域。1999年，BASS等［2］指出，“下一代網(wǎng)絡(luò)入侵檢測系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該融合從大量的異構(gòu)分布式網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳感器采集的數(shù)據(jù)，實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的態(tài)勢感知（CYBERSPACESITUATIONALAWARENESS）”，并且基于數(shù)據(jù)融合的JDL（JOINTDIRECTORSOFLABORATORIES）模型,提出了基于多傳感器數(shù)據(jù)融合的網(wǎng)絡(luò)態(tài)勢感知功能模型。如圖2所示。雖然網(wǎng)絡(luò)態(tài)勢根據(jù)不同的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，可分為安全態(tài)勢、拓?fù)鋺B(tài)勢和傳輸態(tài)勢等，但目前關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)態(tài)勢的研究都是圍繞網(wǎng)絡(luò)的安全態(tài)勢展開的。ENDSLEY［1］和BASS［2］為網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全態(tài)勢感知的研究奠定了基礎(chǔ)?；贓NDSLEY［1］態(tài)勢感知的概念模型和BASS［2］的功能模型，后來的研究者又陸續(xù)提出了十幾種網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全態(tài)勢感知的模

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簡介：1安徽汽車職院技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文課題名稱汽車ABS綜述專業(yè)班級1214作者姓名周子易2014年11月10日3汽車ABS綜述摘要隨著汽車行駛速度的不斷提高，買車的人越來越多，汽車行駛安全性受到了廣大人們的重視。汽車的安全系統(tǒng)成為了汽車研究發(fā)展的重要部分。汽車制動防抱死系統(tǒng)ANTILOCKBRAKINGSYSTEM，簡稱ABS，是汽車主動安全裝置的代表，其作用是在制動過程中防止車輪抱死，提高車輛在制動過程中的方向穩(wěn)定性、轉(zhuǎn)向控制能力和縮短制動距離，使汽車制動更為安全有效。“汽車ABS綜述”是我這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計的題目，我主要介紹了四個方面的內(nèi)容，第一部分概述；第二部分是；第三部分；第四部分。關(guān)鍵詞。

簡介：AFACEOFITFLATORSMOOTH平面磨床中英文外文翻譯文獻文檔含英文原文和申文翻譯SURFACEGRINDINGSURFACEGRINDINGISUSEDTOPRODUCEASMOOTHFINISHONFLATSURFACESITISAWIDELYUSEDABRASIVEMACHININGPROCESSINWHICHASPINNINGWHEELCOVEREDINROUGHPARTICLESGRINDINGWHEELCUTSCHIPSOFMETALLICORNONMETALLICSUBSTANCEFROMAWORKPIECE，MAKINGSPARKOUTISATERMUSEDWHENPRECISIONVALUESARESOUGHTANDLITERALLYMEANS“UNTILTHESPARKSAREOUTNOMORE“ITINVOLVESPASSINGTHEWORKPIECEUNDERTHEWHEEL，WITHOUTRESETTINGTHEDEPTHOFCUT，MORETHANONCEANDGENERALLYMULTIPLETIMESTHISENSURESTHATANYINCONSISTENCIESINTHEMACHINEORWORKPIECEAREELIMINATEDEQUIPMENTSURFACEGRINDERWITHELECTROMAGNETICCHUCK，INSETSHOWSAMANUALMAGNETICCHUCKASURFACEGRINDERISAMACHINETOOLUSEDTOPROVIDEPRECISIONGROUNDSURFACES，EITHERTOACRITICALSIZEORFORTHESURFACEFINISHTHETYPICALPRECISIONOFASURFACEGRINDERDEPENDSONTHETYPEANDUSAGE，HOWEVER/0002MM/00001“SHOULDBEACHIEVABLEONMOSTSURFACEGRINDERSTHEMACHINECONSISTSOFATABLETHATTRAVERSESBOTHLONGITUDINALLYANDACROSSTHEFACEOFTHEWHEELTHELONGITUDINALFEEDISUSUALLYPOWEREDBYHYDRAULICS，ASMAYTHECROSSFEED，HOWEVERANYMIXTUREOFHAND，ELECTRICALORHYDRAULICMAYBEUSEDDEPENDINGONTHEULTIMATEUSAGEOFTHEMACHINEIEPRODUCTION，WORKSHOP，COSTTHEGRINDINGWHEELROTATESINTHESPINDLEHEADANDISALSOADJUSTABLEFORHEIGHT，BYANYOFTHEMETHODSDESCRIBEDPREVIOUSLYMODERNSURFACEGRINDERSARESEMIAUTOMATED，DEPTHOFCUTANDSPARKOUTMAYBEPRESETASTOTHENUMBEROFPASSESANDONCESETUPTHEMACHININGPROCESSREQUIRESVERYLITTLEOPERATORINTERVENTIONDEPENDINGONTHEWORKPIECEMATERIAL，THEWORKISGENERALLYHELDBYTHEUSEOFAMAGNETICCHUCKTHISMAYBEEITHERANELECTROMAGNETICCHUCK，ORAMANUALLYOPERATED，PERMANENTMAGNETTYPECHUCKBOTHTYPESARESHOWNINTHEFIRSTIMAGE

簡介：建環(huán)專業(yè)外文文獻翻譯11INDOORENVIRONMENTALHEALTHINDOORENVIRONMENTALHEALTHCOMPRISESTHOSEASPECTSOFHUMANHEALTHANDDISEASETHATAREDETERMINEDBYFACTORSINTHEINDOORENVIRONMENTITALSOREFERSTOTHETHEORYANDPRACTICEOFASSESSINGANDCONTROLLINGFACTORSINTHEINDOORENVIRONMENTTHATCANPOTENTIALLYAFFECTHEALTHTHEPRACTICEOFINDOORENVIRONMENTALHEALTHREQUIRESCONSIDERATIONOFCHEMICAL,BIOLOGICAL,PHYSICALANDERGONOMICHAZARDS室內(nèi)環(huán)境健康包括那些方面的人類健康和疾病是由室內(nèi)的因素決定的ENVIRONMENTITALSOREFERSTOTHETHEORYANDPRACTICEOFASSESSINGANDCONTROLLINGFACTORSINTHEINDOORENVIRONMENTTHATCANPOTENTIALLYAFFECTHEALTHTHEPRACTICEOFINDOORENVIRONMENTALHEALTHREQUIRESCONSIDERATIONOFCHEMICAL,BIOLOGICAL,PHYSICALANDERGONOMICHAZARDS環(huán)境。它也指的是理論和實踐的評估和室內(nèi)環(huán)境的控制性因素，可能會影響健康。室內(nèi)環(huán)境健康的實踐需要考慮化學(xué)，生物，物理和符合人體工程學(xué)的危害ITISESSENTIALFORENGINEERSTOUNDERSTANDTHEFUNDAMENTALSOFINDOORENVIRONMENTALHEALTHBECAUSETHEDESIGN,OPERATION,ANDMAINTENANCEOFBUILDINGSANDTHEIRHVACSYSTEMSSIGNIFICANTLYAFFECTTHEHEALTHOFBUILDINGOCCUPANTSINMANYCASES,BUILDINGSANDSYSTEMSCANBEDESIGNEDANDOPERATEDTOREDUCETHEEXPOSUREOFOCCUPANTSTOPOTENTIALHAZARDSUNFORTUNATELY,NEGLECTINGTOCONSIDERINDOORENVIRONMENTALHEALTHCANLEADTOCONDITIONSTHATCREATEORWORSENTHOSEHAZARDS工程師要了解基本是必不可少的室內(nèi)環(huán)境健康因為設(shè)計，操作，和建筑和HVAC系統(tǒng)的維護明顯影響建筑物的居住者的健康。在許多情況下，建筑和系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計和操作，減少人員暴露于潛在危險。不幸的是，沒有考慮室內(nèi)環(huán)境健BACKGROUND背景THEMOSTCLEARLYDEFINEDAREAOFINDOORENVIRONMENTALHEALTHISOCCUPATIONALHEALTH,PARTICULARLYASITPERTAINSTOWORKPLACEAIRBORNECONTAMINANTSEVALUATIONOFEXPOSUREINCIDENTSANDLABORATORYSTUDIESWITHHUMANSANDANIMALSHAVEGENERATEDREASONABLECONSENSUSONSAFEANDUNSAFEWORKPLACEEXPOSURESFORABOUT1000CHEMICALSANDPARTICLESCONSEQUENTLY,MANYCOUNTRIESREGULATEEXPOSURESOFWORKERSTOTHESEAGENTSHOWEVER,CHEMICALANDDUSTCONTAMINANTCONCENTRATIONSTHATMEETOCCUPATIONALHEALTHCRITERIAUSUALLYEXCEEDLEVELSFOUNDACCEPTABLETOOCCUPANTSINNONINDUSTRIALSPACESSUCHASOFFICES,SCHOOLS,ANDRESIDENCES,WHEREEXPOSURESOFTENLASTLONGERANDMAYINVOLVEMIXTURESOFMANYCONTAMINANTSANDALESSROBUSTPOPULATIONEG,INFANTS,THEELDERLY,ANDTHEINFIRMNAS1981室內(nèi)環(huán)境健康最明確的地區(qū)是職業(yè)健康，特別是因為它涉及到工作場所空氣中的污染物。曝光事件和實驗室研究與人類和動物的評價產(chǎn)生的安全和不安全的工作場所暴露約1000化學(xué)品和顆粒合理的共識。因此，許多國家規(guī)定工人這些藥物暴露。然而，化學(xué)和粉塵污染濃度符合職業(yè)衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)通常高于發(fā)現(xiàn)在非工業(yè)場所如辦公室，學(xué)校，住宅，居住者在可接受的水平，風(fēng)險往往持續(xù)時間較長，可能涉及許多污染物的混合物和一個不太可靠的人口（例如嬰幼兒，老年人，和體弱者）（NAS1981）。OPERATIONALDEFINITIONSOFHEALTH,DISEASE,ANDDISCOMFORTARECONTROVERSIALCAINETAL1995HOWEVER,THEMOSTGENERALLYACCEPTEDDEFINITIONISTHATINTHECONSTITUTIONOFTHEWORLDHEALTHORGANIZATIONWHO“HEALTHISASTATEOFCOMPLETEPHYSICAL,MENTAL,ANDSOCIALWELLBEINGANDNOTMERELYTHEABSENCEOFDISEASEORINFIRMITY”建環(huán)專業(yè)外文文獻翻譯13SENSORYIRRITATIONINTHEEYES,NOSE,ORTHROAT眼睛，鼻子和喉嚨過敏SKINIRRITATION皮膚過敏NEUROTOXICSYMPTOMS神經(jīng)毒性癥狀ODORANDTASTECOMPLAINTS嗅覺味覺過敏SICKBUILDINGSYNDROMEISCHARACTERIZEDBYANABSENCEOFROUTINEPHYSICALSIGNSANDCLINICALLABORATORYABNORMALITIESTHETERMNONSPECIFICISSOMETIMESUSEDTOIMPLYTHATTHEPATTERNOFSYMPTOMSREPORTEDBYAFFLICTEDBUILDINGOCCUPANTSISNOTCONSISTENTWITHTHATFORAPARTICULARDISEASEADDITIONALSYMPTOMSCANINCLUDENOSEBLEEDS,CHESTTIGHTNESS,ANDFEVERSOMEINVESTIGATIONSHAVESOUGHTTOCORRELATESBSSYMPTOMSWITHREDUCEDNEUROLOGICALANDPHYSIOLOGICALPERFORMANCEINCONTROLLEDSTUDIES,SBSSYMPTOMSCANREDUCEPERFORMANCEINSUSCEPTIBLEINDIVIDUALSM?LHAVEETAL1986BUILDINGRELATEDILLNESSES,INCONTRAST,HAVEAKNOWNORIGIN,MAYHAVEADIFFERENTSETOFSYMPTOMS,ANDAREOFTENACCOMPANIEDBYPHYSICALSIGNSANDABNORMALITIESTHATCANBECLINICALLYIDENTIFIEDWITHLABORATORYMEASUREMENTSFOREXAMPLE,HYPERSENSITIVITYILLNESSES,INCLUDINGHYPERSENSITIVITYPNEUMONITIS,HUMIDIFIERFEVER,ASTHMA,ANDALLERGICRHINITIS,ARECAUSEDBYINDIVIDUALSENSITIZATIONTOBIOAEROSOLS疾病大廈綜合征的特征是缺乏常規(guī)的體征和臨床實驗室檢查異常。這個術(shù)語有時用來表明非特異性的癥狀困擾住戶的模式是不一致的，對于一個特定的疾病。其他癥狀包括胸悶，發(fā)熱流鼻血了，一些研究尋找相關(guān)。SBS神經(jīng)生理表現(xiàn)癥狀與減少。在癥狀控制領(lǐng)域，SBS癥狀可以減輕敏感個人M?LHAVE等人1986，與建筑有關(guān)的疾病，?！?，有可能會有不同的起源，往往建立癥狀，伴隨著異常體征是臨床和實驗室測量。比如，包括過敏性肺炎，過敏癥毛病，濕熱癥包括，氣喘，和過敏性鼻炎，，是由于個人對于空氣中的病毒、細(xì)菌、花粉等生物氣膠的過敏造成的。IIINESSESASSOCIATEDWITHEXPOSUREININDOORENVIRONMENTSARELISTEDINTABLE1LABORATORYTESTINGANDDEVELOPMENTOFLINKAGESSHOULDBEPERFORMEDUNDERDIRECTIONOFAQUALIFIEDHEALTHCAREPROFESSIONAL與室內(nèi)環(huán)境的接觸有關(guān)疾病都列在表1。實驗室檢測和關(guān)聯(lián)開展應(yīng)當(dāng)在具備保健資格的專業(yè)機構(gòu)里進行。DESCRIPTIONSOFSELECTEDHEALTHSCIENCES健康科學(xué)之闡述THESTUDYOFHEALTHEFFECTSININDOORENVIRONMENTSINCLUDESANUMBEROFSCIENTIFICDISCIPLINESAFEWAREBRIEFLYDESCRIBEDHERETOFURTHERTHEENGINEER’SUNDERSTANDINGOFWHICHHEALTHSCIENCESMAYBEAPPLICABLETOAGIVENENVIRONMENTALHEALTHPROBLEMEPIDEMIOLOGYANDBIOSTATISTICSEPIDEMIOLOGYSTUDIESTHECAUSE,DISTRIBUTION,ANDCONTROLOFDISEASEINHUMANANDANIMALPOPULATIONSITREPRESENTSTHEAPPLICATIONOFQUANTITATIVEMETHODSTOEVALUATEHEALTHRELATEDEVENTSANDEFFECTSEPIDEMIOLOGYISTRADITIONALLYSUBDIVIDEDINTOOBSERVATIONALANDANALYTICALCOMPONENTSTHEFOCUSMAYBEDESCRIPTIVE,ORMAYATTEMPTTOIDENTIFYCAUSALRELATIONSHIPSSOMECLASSICALCRITERIAFORDETERMININGCAUSALRELATIONSHIPSINEPIDEMIOLOGYARECONSISTENCY,TEMPORALITY,PLAUSIBILITY,SPECIFICITY,STRENGTHOFASSOCIATION,ANDDOSE/RESPONSE室內(nèi)環(huán)境中的健康效應(yīng)的研究包括許多科學(xué)領(lǐng)域。一些簡要介紹是為了工程師的進一步的理解，健康科學(xué)，可以適用于一個給定的環(huán)境健康問題。流行病學(xué)生物流行病學(xué)研究導(dǎo)致分配，和，人與動物疾病的控制。代表計量方法在事件影響的評估與健康相關(guān)適用。流行病學(xué)

簡介：外文文獻翻譯外文文獻翻譯題目題目變頻器在變頻器在PLC供水控制系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用供水控制系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用陜西科技大學(xué)2采用變頻器PLC恒壓供水裝置有以下幾個優(yōu)點A節(jié)電效益高。傳統(tǒng)水泵電機均采用大容量電機，用閥門控制水量恒定，造成電能浪費。變頻系統(tǒng)，無論工作參數(shù)如何，電機的效率不會降低，電機的功率因數(shù)會得到提高。B運行可靠、穩(wěn)定。系統(tǒng)中的核心部件變頻調(diào)速器本身的可靠性很高，一般情況下可連續(xù)使用10萬/H以上。系統(tǒng)還采用軟啟動方式，不存在電氣沖擊，不污染電網(wǎng)，而且變頻器自帶欠壓、過壓、過流、過載、過熱以及失速等各種保護功能。系統(tǒng)對管網(wǎng)壓力波動采取阻尼濾波處理，供水恒壓精度較高，通常能控制在0002MPA范圍內(nèi)。C結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，操作簡便。裝置的控制系統(tǒng)采用集成度高，配套方案靈活多樣，由可編程控制器得到水泵運行的各種組合。調(diào)速范圍廣，對水量變化的適應(yīng)能力強。D使用壽命長，自動化程度高，無需人看管，維護量少。以上系統(tǒng)在實際的應(yīng)用中效果顯著，如將PLC與變頻器中自帶編程器的功能集成，可開發(fā)成一些專用的變頻器，這樣系統(tǒng)的可靠性與健壯性大大增強，應(yīng)用更加簡單，系統(tǒng)的總成本也會下降。可以預(yù)見未來的變頻技術(shù)會向以下方向發(fā)展1高性能化包括內(nèi)部的整流電路、逆變電路都采用高頻PWM電路從而使輸入、輸出都是正弦波；對于大容量變頻器采用多重化和多機并聯(lián)；降低變頻器自身損耗，實現(xiàn)高效率化；實現(xiàn)自動調(diào)諧或自優(yōu)化、遙控和遠(yuǎn)控；更加面向用戶，進一步提高可使用性和維修性向著小型、輕量發(fā)展，以及降低成本等。2智能化包括兩個方面盡量減少硬件，實現(xiàn)硬件軟件化；采用智能電力電子器件和其他智能化部件。集成化是智能化的基礎(chǔ)。3全數(shù)字化近年來，各種現(xiàn)代控制理論、專家系統(tǒng)、模糊控制及神經(jīng)元控制等都是發(fā)展的熱點，將使電力電子控制技術(shù)發(fā)展到一個嶄新的階段。預(yù)計21世紀(jì)全數(shù)字控制的應(yīng)用將更加廣泛深入，甚至取代模擬控制。4系統(tǒng)化變頻技術(shù)的發(fā)展與其相關(guān)技術(shù)的發(fā)展是分不開的，在21世紀(jì)變頻技術(shù)的發(fā)展是將電網(wǎng)、整流器、逆變器、電動機、生產(chǎn)機械和控制系統(tǒng)等作為一個整體、從系統(tǒng)上進行考慮的。

簡介：制造業(yè)生產(chǎn)計劃體系綜述制造業(yè)生產(chǎn)計劃體系綜述THEREVIEWOFPRODUCTIONPLANNINGSYSTEMINMANUFACTURINGINDUSTRY摘要介紹了制造業(yè)生產(chǎn)計劃的發(fā)展，定義及其相關(guān)內(nèi)容，針對離散型、連續(xù)型和混合型三種生產(chǎn)類型，通過對目前應(yīng)用于制造業(yè)的幾種比較常見的生產(chǎn)計劃體系的研究和分析，如MRP/MRPⅡ、JIT、TOC等，對制造業(yè)生產(chǎn)計劃的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀進行了歸納綜述，最后指出了未來的幾種可能的發(fā)展模式。關(guān)鍵字制造業(yè)；生產(chǎn)計劃體系；綜述引言引言MRP、MRPⅡ、ERP、JIT等一些先進的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)都是由制造業(yè)發(fā)展起來的，并且在制造業(yè)中得到最為深入與廣泛的應(yīng)用，無數(shù)的例證顯示在制造企業(yè)中,高效的生產(chǎn)計劃管理，不但能夠為其生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品的節(jié)約制造成本,而且能夠為產(chǎn)品的本身增加了巨大的附加價值。1制造業(yè)生產(chǎn)計劃制造業(yè)生產(chǎn)計劃生產(chǎn)計劃是關(guān)于企業(yè)生產(chǎn)運作系統(tǒng)總體方面的計劃，是企業(yè)在計劃期應(yīng)達到的產(chǎn)品品種、質(zhì)量、產(chǎn)量和產(chǎn)值等生產(chǎn)任務(wù)的計劃和對產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)進度的安排。它反映的并非某幾個生產(chǎn)崗位或某一條生產(chǎn)線的生產(chǎn)活動，也并非產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)問題以及一些具體的機器設(shè)備、人力和其他生產(chǎn)資源的使用安排問題，而是指導(dǎo)企業(yè)計劃期生產(chǎn)活動的綱領(lǐng)性方案，是企業(yè)生產(chǎn),運作管理的依據(jù)，也是生產(chǎn)運作管理的核心內(nèi)容1。制造企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)計劃是指在一定的時間和空間里,將所需的物資,設(shè)備,運輸,倉儲,人員和通信聯(lián)系等若干相互制約的動態(tài)要素相協(xié)調(diào),以最小的成本,最快的速度,最優(yōu)的服務(wù)和產(chǎn)品來在最大程度上滿足市場的需要。其目的是實現(xiàn)物資的空間效益和時間效益,在保證和實現(xiàn)各種環(huán)節(jié)的合理銜接的前提下,通過企業(yè)內(nèi)部和外部合理的運作和協(xié)作來取得企業(yè)最佳的經(jīng)濟效益2。其目的詳細(xì)闡述如下（L）降低庫存，提高庫存精度；（2）促進企業(yè)資源優(yōu)化；（3）降低采購、生產(chǎn)和運營成本；（4）提高企業(yè)對客戶的服務(wù)水平，確保按時發(fā)貨，提高發(fā)貨率水平；需求特征客戶化程度較高，質(zhì)量判定簡單，產(chǎn)品品種多。主要面向庫存生產(chǎn)，質(zhì)量需求特征判定復(fù)雜，產(chǎn)品品種相對固定生產(chǎn)過程對時間緩沖要求并不苛刻，但仍是以生產(chǎn)線形式組織的連續(xù)生產(chǎn)制造特征產(chǎn)品相對穩(wěn)定，不懂零部件加工時間差異較大，配套性要求高，但工藝相對穩(wěn)定，設(shè)備通用性強產(chǎn)品構(gòu)成表現(xiàn)為配方，具有保密性，工藝動態(tài)性強，同一產(chǎn)品族加工工藝相似，設(shè)備專用性強不同產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)變批量，差異較大；工藝動態(tài)性強包括配方和工藝路線，生產(chǎn)過程中工藝難以控制成本構(gòu)成成本匯集清晰，一般滾加物料清單計算成本構(gòu)成不清晰，成本靠分?jǐn)偟玫匠杀緲?gòu)成較為清晰原料特征原料標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度高主要進行預(yù)處理原料市場供給受供求關(guān)系和季節(jié)因素影響，價格波動較大，原料采購主要以長期采購計劃為主離散制造和連續(xù)制造的不同需求特征和生產(chǎn)特征，決定了其作業(yè)計劃排程在計劃約束條件、計劃優(yōu)化目標(biāo)和計劃有效反饋點等幾個方面存在很大差異。表2三種不同模式下的生產(chǎn)計劃體系連續(xù)制造離散制造混合制造計劃約束存在最小生產(chǎn)批量；生產(chǎn)線產(chǎn)能固定；生產(chǎn)線開停機費用固定；以產(chǎn)品族的形式組織生產(chǎn)。關(guān)鍵資源產(chǎn)能；不同零部件加工時間差異較大按期交貨。交貨期和數(shù)量生產(chǎn)線產(chǎn)能和對應(yīng)的最小生產(chǎn)批量；銜接生產(chǎn)的兩種產(chǎn)品的工藝相似度生產(chǎn)線前置時間優(yōu)化目標(biāo)增大生產(chǎn)批量；降低產(chǎn)品單位成本；減少停機次數(shù)；縮短生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備時間。保證零配件配套生產(chǎn)；減少停機待料；增大采購批量。增大生產(chǎn)批量降低損失率和單位成本；提高一個單位時間內(nèi)的生產(chǎn)線處理量，提高設(shè)備利用率；保持生產(chǎn)均衡進行有效反饋車間制造執(zhí)行過程MRP計劃和細(xì)能力平衡計劃因產(chǎn)品不同不確定3目前主要的制造業(yè)生產(chǎn)體系目前主要的制造業(yè)生產(chǎn)體系（1）MRP（物料需求計劃）MRP是制造業(yè)生產(chǎn)計劃的早期階段，是為解決原材料庫存和零組件投產(chǎn)計劃問題而發(fā)展起來的。MRP明確指出生產(chǎn)必須以市場需求為導(dǎo)向，把由市場決定而不是能由企業(yè)決定的外部需求稱之為“獨立需求”，把為產(chǎn)品出廠所需用的一切物料稱之為“相關(guān)需求”；闡述了物料存在的相關(guān)性。它建立以時間為坐標(biāo)的產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)模型，并將要銷售的產(chǎn)成品、生產(chǎn)物料和采購物料分成為三層。產(chǎn)成品、采購件和加工件都集成在一個模型中，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)生產(chǎn)計劃和采購計劃同步生成和調(diào)整。MRP所依據(jù)的管理理念主要是①供應(yīng)必須與需求平衡，即供需平衡原則，②優(yōu)先級計劃原則（生產(chǎn)與供應(yīng)

簡介：METHODOFFACERECOGNITIONBASEDONREDBLACKWAVELETTRANSFORMANDPCAYUQINGYUQINGHE,HE,HUANHUANHE,HE,ANDANDHONGYINGHONGYINGYANGYANGDEPARTMENTOFOPTOELECTRONICENGINEERING,BEIJINGINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY,BEIJING,PRCHINA,10008120701170BITEDUCNABSTRACTABSTRACTWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEMANMACHINEINTERFACEANDTHERECOGNITIONTECHNOLOGY,FACERECOGNITIONHASBECAMEONEOFTHEMOSTIMPORTANTRESEARCHASPECTSINTHEBIOLOGICALFEATURESRECOGNITIONDOMAINNOWADAYS,PCAPRINCIPALCOMPONENTSANALYSISHASAPPLIEDINRECOGNITIONBASEDONMANYFACEDATABASEANDACHIEVEDGOODRESULTSHOWEVER,PCAHASITSLIMITATIONSTHELARGEVOLUMEOFCOMPUTINGANDTHELOWDISTINCTIONABILITYINVIEWOFTHESELIMITATIONS,THISPAPERPUTSFORWARDAFACERECOGNITIONMETHODBASEDONREDBLACKWAVELETTRANSFORMANDPCATHEIMPROVEDHISTOGRAMEQUALIZATIONISUSEDTOREALIZEIMAGEPREPROCESSINGINORDERTOCOMPENSATETHEILLUMINATIONTHEN,APPLINGTHEREDBLACKWAVELETSUBBANDWHICHCONTAINSTHEINFORMATIONOFTHEORIGINALIMAGETOEXTRACTTHEFEATUREANDDOMATCHINGCOMPARINGWITHTHETRADITIONALMETHODS,THISONEHASBETTERRECOGNITIONRATEANDCANREDUCETHECOMPUTATIONALCOMPLEXITYKEYWORDSKEYWORDSREDBLACKWAVELETTRANSFORM,PCA,FACERECOGNITION,IMPROVEDHISTOGRAMEQUALIZATION1INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONBECAUSETHETRADITIONALSTATUSRECOGNITIONIDCARD,PASSWORD,ETCHASSOMEDEFECTS,THERECOGNITIONTECHNOLOGYBASEDONBIOLOGICALFEATURESHASBECOMETHEFOCUSOFTHERESEARCHCOMPAREDWITHTHEOTHERBIOLOGICALFEATURESSUCHASFINGERPRINTS,DNA,PALMPRINTS,ETCRECOGNITIONTECHNOLOGY,PEOPLEIDENTIFYWITHTHEPEOPLEAROUNDMOSTLYUSINGTHEBIOLOGICALCHARACTERISTICSOFHUMANFACEFACEISTHEMOSTUNIVERSALMODEINHUMANVISIONTHEVISUALINFORMATIONREFLECTEDBYHUMANFACEINTHEEXCHANGEANDCONTACTOFPEOPLEHASANIMPORTANTROLEANDSIGNIFICANCETHEREFORE,FACERECOGNITIONISTHEEASIESTWAYTOBEACCEPTEDINTHEIDENTIFICATIONFIELDANDBECOMESONEOFMOSTPOTENTIALIDENTIFICATIONAUTHENTICATIONMETHODSFACERECOGNITIONTECHNOLOGYHASTHECHARACTERISTICSOFCONVENIENTACCESS,RICHINFORMATIONITHASWIDERANGEOFAPPLICATIONSSUCHASIDENTIFICATION,DRIVERSLICENSEANDPASSPORTCHECK,BANKINGANDCUSTOMSCONTROLSYSTEM,ANDOTHERFIELDS12121HORIZONTALHORIZONTAL/VERTICAL/VERTICALLIFTINGLIFTINGASFIG1SHOWS,HORIZONTAL/VERTICALLIFTINGISDIVIDEDINTOTHREESTEPS1DECOMPOSITIONTHEORIGINALIMAGEBYHORIZONTALANDVERTICALDIRECTIONISDIVIDEDINTOREDANDBLACKBLOCKINACROSSBLOCKWAY2PREDICTIONCARRYONTHEPREDICTIONUSINGHORIZONTALANDTHEVERTICALDIRECTIONFOURNEIGHBORHOODSREDBLOCKSTOOBTAINABLACKBLOCKPREDICTEDVALUETHEN,USINGTHEDIFFERENCEOFTHEBLACKBLOCKACTUALVALUEANDTHEPREDICTEDVALUETOSUBSTITUTETHEBLACKBLOCKACTUALVALUEITSRESULTOBTAINSTHEORIGINALIMAGEWAVELETCOEFFICIENTASFIG1BSHOWS??,,1,,1,11,/4FIJFIJFIJFIJFIJFIJ?????????（1）MOD2MOD2IJ?33REVISIONREVISIONUSINGTHEHORIZONTALANDVERTICALDIRECTIONFOURNEIGHBORHOODSBLACKBLOCKSWAVELETCOEFFICIENTTOREVISETHEREDBLOCKACTUALVALUETOOBTAINTHEAPPROXIMATESIGNALASFIG1CSHOWS??,,1,,1,11,/8FIJFIJFIJFIJFIJFIJ?????????（2）MOD2MOD2IJ?INTHISWAY,THEREDBLOCKCORRESPONDSTOTHEAPPROXIMATINGINFORMATIONOFTHEIMAGE,ANDTHEBLACKBLOCKCORRESPONDSTOTHEDETAILSOFTHEIMAGE2222DIAGONALDIAGONALLIFTINGLIFTINGONTHEBASISOFHORIZONTAL/VERTICALLIFTING,WEDOTHEDIAGONALLIFTINGASFIG2SHOWS,ITISALSODIVIDEDINTOTHREESTEPSFIG2FIG2DIAGONALLIFTING1DECOMPOSITIONAFTERHORIZONTAL/VERTICALLIFTING,DIVIDINGTHE

簡介：0附件四附件四英文文獻原文英文文獻原文ARTIFICIALARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEINTELLIGENCE“ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE“ISAWORDWASORIGINALLYDARTMOUTHIN1956TOPUTFORWARDFROMTHENON,RESEARCHERSHAVEDEVELOPEDMANYTHEORIESANDPRINCIPLES,THECONCEPTOFARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEISALSOEXPANDSARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEISACHALLENGINGJOBOFSCIENCE,THEPERSONMUSTKNOWCOMPUTERKNOWLEDGE,PSYCHOLOGYANDPHILOSOPHYARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEISINCLUDEDAWIDERANGEOFSCIENCE,ITISCOMPOSEDOFDIFFERENTFIELDS,SUCHASMACHINELEARNING,COMPUTERVISION,ETC,ONTHEWHOLE,THERESEARCHONARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEISONEOFTHEMAINGOALSOFTHEMACHINECANDOSOMEUSUALLYNEEDTOPERFORMCOMPLEXHUMANINTELLIGENCEBUTINDIFFERENTTIMESANDDIFFERENTPEOPLEINTHE“COMPLEX“UNDERSTANDINGISDIFFERENTSUCHASHEAVYSCIENCEANDENGINEERINGCALCULATIONWASSUPPOSEDTOBETHEBRAINTOUNDERTAKE,NOWCOMPUTERCANNOTONLYCOMPLETETHISCALCULATION,ANDFASTERTHANTHEHUMANBRAINCANMOREACCURATELY,ANDTHUSTHEPEOPLENOLONGERPUTTHISCALCULATIONISREGARDEDAS“THENEEDTOPERFORMCOMPLEXHUMANINTELLIGENCE,COMPLEXTASKS“WORKISDEFINEDASTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHETIMESANDTHEPROGRESSOFTECHNOLOGY,ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEISTHESCIENCEOFSPECIFICTARGETANDNATUREASTHETIMESCHANGEANDDEVELOPMENTONTHEONEHANDITCONTINUESTOGAINNEWPROGRESSONTHEONEHAND,ANDTURNINGTOMOREMEANINGFUL,THEMOREDIFFICULTTHETARGETCURRENTCANBEUSEDTOSTUDYTHEMAINMATERIALOFARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEANDARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCETECHNOLOGYTOREALIZETHEMACHINEISACOMPUTER,THEDEVELOPMENTHISTORYOFARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEISCOMPUTERSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYANDTHEDEVELOPMENTTOGETHERBESIDESTHECOMPUTERSCIENCEANDARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEALSOINVOLVESINFORMATION,CYBERNETICS,AUTOMATION,BIONICS,BIOLOGY,PSYCHOLOGY,LOGIC,LINGUISTICS,MEDICINEANDPHILOSOPHYANDMULTIDISCIPLINEARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCERESEARCHINCLUDEKNOWLEDGEREPRESENTATION,AUTOMATICREASONINGANDSEARCHMETHOD,MACHINELEARNINGANDKNOWLEDGEACQUISITIONANDPROCESSINGOFKNOWLEDGESYSTEM,NATURALLANGUAGEPROCESSING,COMPUTERVISION,INTELLIGENTROBOT,AUTOMATICPROGRAMDESIGN,ETCPRACTICALAPPLICATIONOFMACHINEVISIONFINGERPRINTIDENTIFICATION,2EXTENSIVEATTENTIONANDINTHEROBOT,ECONOMICANDPOLITICALDECISIONS,CONTROLSYSTEM,SIMULATIONSYSTEMAPPLICATIONINOTHERAREAS,ITALSOPLAYEDANINDISPENSABLEROLETHEFAMOUSAMERICANSTANFORDUNIVERSITYPROFESSORNELSONARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCERESEARCHCENTEROFARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEUNDERSUCHADEFINITION“ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEABOUTTHEKNOWLEDGEOFTHESUBJECTISANDHOWTOREPRESENTKNOWLEDGEHOWTOGAINKNOWLEDGEANDUSEOFSCIENTIFICKNOWLEDGEBUTANOTHERAMERICANMITPROFESSORWINSTONTHOUGHT“ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEISHOWTOMAKETHECOMPUTERTODOWHATONLYCANDOINTELLIGENTWORK“THESECOMMENTSREFLECTTHEARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEDISCIPLINEBASICIDEASANDBASICCONTENTNAMELYARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEISTHESTUDYOFHUMANINTELLIGENCEACTIVITIES,HASCERTAINLAW,RESEARCHOFARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCESYSTEM,HOWTOMAKETHECOMPUTERTOCOMPLETEBEFORETHEINTELLIGENCENEEDSTODOWORK,ALSOISTOSTUDYHOWTHEAPPLICATIONOFCOMPUTERHARDWAREANDSOFTWARETOSIMULATEHUMANSOMEINTELLIGENTBEHAVIOROFTHEBASICTHEORY,METHODSANDTECHNIQUESARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEISABRANCHOFCOMPUTERSCIENCE,SINCETHE1970S,KNOWNASONEOFTHETHREETECHNOLOGIESSPACETECHNOLOGY,ENERGYTECHNOLOGY,ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEALSOCONSIDEREDTHE21STCENTURYGENETICENGINEERING,NANOSCIENCE,ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEISONEOFTHETHREETECHNOLOGIESITISNEARLYTHREEYEARSITHASBEENDEVELOPEDRAPIDLY,ANDINMANYFIELDSAREWIDELYAPPLIED,ANDHAVEMADEGREATACHIEVEMENTS,ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEHASGRADUALLYBECOMEANINDEPENDENTBRANCH,BOTHINTHEORYANDPRACTICEAREALREADYBECOMESASYSTEMITSRESEARCHRESULTSAREGRADUALLYINTEGRATEDINTOPEOPLESLIVES,ANDCREATEMOREHAPPINESSFORMANKINDARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEISTHATTHECOMPUTERSIMULATIONRESEARCHOFSOMETHINKINGPROCESSANDINTELLIGENTBEHAVIORSUCHASSTUDY,REASONING,THINKING,PLANNING,ETC,INCLUDINGCOMPUTERTOREALIZEINTELLIGENTPRINCIPLE,MAKESIMILARTOTHATOFHUMANINTELLIGENCE,COMPUTERCANACHIEVEHIGHERLEVELOFCOMPUTERAPPLICATIONARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEWILLINVOLVETHECOMPUTERSCIENCE,PHILOSOPHYANDLINGUISTICS,PSYCHOLOGY,ETCTHATWASALMOSTNATURALSCIENCEANDSOCIALSCIENCEDISCIPLINES,THESCOPEOFALLALREADYFARBEYONDTHESCOPEOFCOMPUTERSCIENCEANDARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEANDTHINKINGSCIENCEISTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHEORYANDPRACTICE,ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEISINTHEMODEOFTHINKINGSCIENCETECHNOLOGYAPPLICATIONLEVEL,ISONEOFITSAPPLICATIONFROMTHEVIEWOFTHINKING,ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEISNOT

簡介：XX化工大學(xué)XX學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文文獻原稿和譯文1外文文獻原稿和譯文外文文獻原稿和譯文原稿DEVELOPMENTOFUSEDCARMARKETINCHINAABSTRACTALTHOUGHSTILLINITSEARLYDEVELOPMENTPHASE,RAPIDGROWTHOFAUTOOWNERSHIPHASALSOINJECTEDNEWVITALITYFORUSEDCARMARKETINCHINAUNDERTHESUPPORTOFSERIESPOLICY,THEUSEDCARMARKETREVEALSLEAPINGDEVELOPMENTCHARACTERWITHQUALIFIEDCHANGESITISESSENTIALTOUNDERSTANDTHENEWCHANGESINTHEUSEDCARMARKETTHISPAPERCONDUCTEDRESEARCHONTHENEWFEATURESOFUSEDCARMARKETINCHINATOPROMOTEITSDEVELOPMENTENVIRONMENTANALYSISSHOWEDTHATUSEDCARMARKETWILLBESTRONGLYENHANCEDBYTHEBLOOMINGOFAUTOMARKET,RAPIDGDPGROWTHANDPOLICYSUPPORT,WHICHEXPERIENCEDSTEADYTRADESCALEINCREASEANDSTRUCTUREOPTIMIZATIONTHEUSEDCARTRADEEXPERIENCEDSTEADYTRADESCALEINCREASEANDSTRUCTUREOPTIMIZATIONALONGWITHTHEPURCHASINGPATTERNCHANGING,SIGNIFICANTEXPANSIONOFTHESECONDHANDCARMARKETISIMMINENT,EVENWITHHINDERISSUESSUCHASLACKOFINTEGRITY,EVALUATIONCRITERIAANDAFTERSERVICESYSTEM,ANDINCOMPLETEPOLICYANDREGULATIONSEVERALNEWFEATURESWEREIDENTIFIED,STRONGPOLICYSUPPORT,ENLARGINGMARKETSCALEANDIRRADIATIONLOOP,REMARKABLECONCENTRATIONINCREASE,INCREASEDSTATUSOFBRANDUSEDCAR,ANDENHANCEDTRADINGSERVICEPLATFORMESTABLISHMENTITISINDICATEDTHATCHINA’SUSEDCARMARKETISMAKINGTHESHIFTFROMSUBORDINATEPOSITIONTOONEOFTHEDOMINANTPOSITIONSINAUTOINDUSTRY,WHICHISEXPECTEDINTOAHIGHSPEED,UPGOINGDEVELOPMENTPASSAGEINTHEFUTUREKEYWORDSUSEDCARMARKETDEVELOPMENTNEWFEATURESCHINA1INTRODUCTIONWITHTHERAPIDSOCIALANDECONOMICALDEVELOPMENT,CHINAHASBECOMEONEOFTHEMOSTIMPORTANTMARKETSINTHEWORLDFORTHEAUTOMOTIVEINDUSTRYINRECENTYEARS,THESCALEOFCHINA’SAUTOMOTIVEAFTERSALESSERVICEMARKETCONTINUESTOINCREASE1ANALYZINGFROMTHEXX化工大學(xué)XX學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文文獻原稿和譯文3NOTESREDSECTIONREPRESENTSPASSENGERCAR,YELLOWSECTIONREPRESENTSCOMMERCIALCAR,BLUELINEREPRESENTSINCREMENTFORTOTALCARTRADEVOLUMEALONGWITHTHEGROWTHINAUTOTRADEVOLUME,CARISPOPULARIZEDINORDINARYFAMILYACCORDINGTOTHEDATAFROMCHINAAUTOMOTIVEINDUSTRYASSOCIATION,CIVILCARPOPULATIONINCREASEDFROM1802MILLIONTO935MILLION,WITHAVERAGELY174INCREMENTPERYEAR,SHOWNINFIGURE2CONSEQUENTLY,THECARVOLUMEPERTHOUSANDPEOPLEGREWSTEADILYINCHINA,FROM37TO468IN2001TO2011,INCREASED127TIMES,SHOWNINFIGURE3ACCORDINGTOTHEAUTOMARKETDEVELOPMENT,CHINA’SAUTOMARKETISINTHEMASSIVEPOPULARIZATIONSTAGEINTHESTAGE,CARVOLUMEWILLKEEPFASTINCREASEUNTILTHECARVOLUMEPERTHOUSANDPEOPLEEXCEEDS250USUALLY,ITWILLLAST10YEARSDUETOTHEREGIONALDIFFERENCEININCOME,POPULATION,ECONOMY,THISSTAGEMAYLASTLONGERINCHINAEXPERTSFROMSTATEINFORMATIONCENTERESTIMATEDTHATTHISSTAGEMAYLASTUNTIL2013,WITH1214INCREMENTANNUALLYTHEREFORE,THEEVERGROWINGCARVOLUMEDUETOTHEPOPULARIZATIONSTAGEOFAUTOMARKET,WILLPROVIDEMOREROOMANDSOLIDFOUNDATIONFORUSEDCARMARKETDEVELOPMENTINCHINATHEREFORE,THEEVERGROWINGCARVOLUMEDUETOTHEPOPULARIZATIONSTAGEOFAUTOMARKET,WILLPROVIDEMOREROOMANDSOLIDFOUNDATIONFORUSEDCARMARKETDEVELOPMENTINCHINA22ECONOMYENVIRONMENTANALYSISDEVELOPMENTOFAUTOMARKETISPOSITIVELYRELATEDTOECONOMYDEVELOPMENTANDPEOPLE’SINCOME5ASTHEBIGGESTPOPULATIONINTHEWORLD,THEMARKETPOTENTIALISENORMOUSRECENTLY,CHINAECONOMYKEEPSSTEADYANDFASTINCREASEREALGDPPERCAPITALINCREASEDFROM1041IN2001TO5432IN2011,WITH174ANNUALINCREMENT,SHOWNINFIGURE4ASRESIDENT’SINCOMELEVELISTHEKEYFACTORFORAUTOPOPULATION,THEFASTGROWTHININCOMEWILLTRANSFERINTOHIGHERDEMANDINCREASEINCHINAAUTOMARKET,WHICHWILLFIGURE1