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1、《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家》讀譯參考讀譯參考TranslatedArabKurdishnationalismacrossthedleEast★Turcophobia[2]inArmenia（1）allareechoesofadynastythatsurvivedf600years▲whosedominionse____①____fromtheDanubethroughtheLevanttoAlgiers.Fewhistianshavedared

2、compressthestyofthisextradinaryenterpriseintoasinglevolume.“OsmansDream”showswhy.OsmanledoneofseveralTurcomantribesofCentralAsiandescentthatwerecompetingfcontrolofAnatoliaatthebeginningofthe14thcentury.(Thedreaminquestio

3、nwasinterpretedtomeanthatOsmanwouldfoundanimperialhouse（2）“Ottoman”istheEuropeancruptionofhisname▲).Bythe16thcenturyOsmansdescendantshadkilledofftheByzantineEmpiret____②____itscapitalConstantinople(renamedIstanbul)intoth

4、ewldsgreatestmosquecity.TheyalsohadcontroloftheMuslimholyplacesMeccaMedinainArabia.TheempiresexpansionwasdriveninpartbyIslamicnotionsofajustwaragainstthe★infidel[3]buttheOttomanswerealsonotableftheirrelativetolerance.Jew

5、sfleeingthe★Spanishinquisition[4]werewelcomedtoIstanbul.Christianconvertsbecamekeyfiguresinthebureaucracyarmedfcesthe★harem[5].EvenattheempirespeakhoweverthetideofhistywasturninginEuropesf__③.___ChallengedbytheEuropeansi

6、ntellectualmilitary★prowess[6]hamperedbythefiscalineptitudeofitsleaderspowerlesstosuppressthepettynationalismsthatinfecteditsBalkanpossessions（3）theempirebegantounravel—attimesabruptlyatothersimperceptibly.▲Withherdoctat

7、einthe★fiendishly[7]complexdisciplineofOttomanstudies（4）MsFinkelisideallyplacedtomakesenseofthis.▲B(niǎo)ut“OsmansDream”leavesonewiththeimpressionthattheauthsscholarship—sheincludesa30pagebibliography—couldhavebeenputtobetteru

8、se.Herapparentdesiretorecdeveryeventofsignificancesometimesr___④___inadispiritingsuccessionofmilitarycampaignsdiplomaticintrigues（5）onewouldhavepreferreda★pruning[8]ofthe★thicket[9]ofeventsmediscussionofwhatitallmeans.▲(

9、6)Theauthoffersglimpsesofamesatisfyingbook.▲SheincludesasuggestiveasideontheblendingofFrenchPersianinspirationsintheOttomanpalacebuildingoftheearly18thcentury—asgoodanemblemftheempiresstrainedmulticulturalismasyoucouldwi

10、shf.Thereare★tantalising[10]allusionstoboththefinationtherepulsionwhichanimatedthelaterOttomans★ambivalence[11]t___⑤___Europe.onewishesthat(7)MsFinkelhaddevelopedherintriguingdefenceoftheempireinthe19thcentury“multiconfe

11、ssionalgeographicallyincoherenteconomicallybackward”▲inthefaceofdemsonthepartof★impertinent[12]Europeansthatitrefminternally.ThelimitationsofMsFinkelsapproacharemostapparentinher★perfuncty[13]treatmentoftheempiresfinal★t

12、umultuous[14]years.ShedealsnomethancursilywiththeArmenianmassacresduringthefirst《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家》讀譯參考讀譯參考Translated一句不相干的評(píng)語(yǔ)；aquestionextraneoustothediscussion與討論不相關(guān)的問(wèn)題；anobjectionthatisimmaterialafterthefact和該事實(shí)無(wú)關(guān)的反對(duì)意見(jiàn)；mentione

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