簡介:8–1CHAPTER8THENATIONALAIRSPACESYSTEMNATIONALAIRSPACESYSTEMNASTHECOMMONNETWORKOFUSAIRSPACEAIRNAVIGATIONFACILITIES,EQUIPMENTANDSERVICES,AIRPORTSORLANDINGAREASAERONAUTICALCHARTS,INFORMATIONANDSERVICESRULES,REGULATIONSANDPROCEDURES,TECHNICALINFORMATION,ANDMANPOWERANDMATERIALINTERNATIONALCIVILAVIATIONORGANIZATIONICAOTHEUNITEDNATIONSAGENCYFORDEVELOPINGTHEPRINCIPLESANDTECHNIQUESOFINTERNATIONALAIRNAVIGATION,ANDFOSTERINGPLANNINGANDDEVELOPMENTOFINTERNATIONALCIVILAIRTRANSPORTINTRODUCTIONTHENATIONALAIRSPACESYSTEMNASISTHENETWORKOFUNITEDSTATESUSAIRSPACEAIRNAVIGATIONFACILITIES,EQUIPMENT,SERVICES,AIRPORTSORLANDINGAREAS,AERONAUTICALCHARTS,INFORMATION/SERVICES,RULES,REGULATIONS,PROCEDURES,TECHNICALINFORMATION,MANPOWER,ANDMATERIALINCLUDEDARESYSTEMCOMPONENTSSHAREDJOINTLYWITHTHEMILITARYTHESYSTEM’SPRESENTCONFIGURATIONISAREFLECTIONOFTHETECHNOLOGICALADVANCESCONCERNINGTHESPEEDANDALTITUDECAPABILITYOFJETAIRCRAFT,ASWELLASTHECOMPLEXITYOFMICROCHIPANDSATELLITEBASEDNAVIGATIONEQUIPMENTTOCONFORMTOINTERNATIONALAVIATIONSTANDARDS,THEUSADOPTEDTHEPRIMARYELEMENTSOFTHECLASSIFICATIONSYSTEMDEVELOPEDBYTHEINTERNATIONALCIVILAVIATIONORGANIZATIONICAOTHISCHAPTERDISCUSSESAIRSPACECLASSIFICATIONENROUTE,TERMINAL,APPROACHPROCEDURES,ANDOPERATIONSWITHINTHENASAIRSPACECLASSIFICATIONAIRSPACEINTHEUSISDESIGNATEDASFOLLOWSFIGURE81CLASSAGENERALLY,THATAIRSPACEFROM18,000FEETMEANSEALEVELMSLUPTOANDINCLUDINGFLIGHTLEVELFL600,INCLUDINGTHEAIRSPACEOVERLYINGTHEWATERSWITHIN12NAUTICALMILESNMOFTHECOASTOFTHE48CONTIGUOUSSTATESANDALASKAUNLESSOTHERWISEAUTHORIZED,ALLPILOTSMUSTOPERATETHEIRAIRCRAFTUNDERINSTRUMENTFLIGHTRULESIFRCLASSBGENERALLY,THATAIRSPACEFROMTHESURFACETO10,000FEETMSLSURROUNDINGTHENATION’SBUSIESTAIRPORTSINTERMSOFAIRPORTOPERATIONSORPASSENGERENPLANEMENTSTHECONFIGURATIONOFEACHCLASSBAIRSPACEAREAISINDIVIDUALLYTAILOREDANDCONSISTSOFASURFACEAREAANDTWOORMORELAYERSSOMECLASSBAIRSPACEAREASRESEMBLEUPSIDEDOWNWEDDINGCAKES,ANDISDESIGNEDTOCONTAINALLPUBLISHEDINSTRUMENTPROCEDURESONCEANAIRCRAFTENTERSTHEAIRSPACEANAIRTRAFFICCONTROLATCCLEARANCEISREQUIREDFORALLAIRCRAFTTOOPERATEINTHEAREA,ANDALLAIRCRAFTTHATARESOCLEAREDRECEIVESEPARATIONSERVICESWITHINTHEAIRSPACECLASSCGENERALLY,THATAIRSPACEFROMTHESURFACETO4,000FEETABOVETHEAIRPORTELEVATIONCHARTEDINMSLSURROUNDINGTHOSEAIRPORTSTHATHAVEANOPERATIONALCONTROLTOWER,ARESERVICEDBYARADARAPPROACHCONTROL,ANDHAVEACERTAINNUMBEROFIFROPERATIONSORPASSENGERENPLANEMENTSALTHOUGHTHECONFIGURATIONOFEACHCLASSCAREAISINDIVIDUALLYTAILORED,THEAIRSPACEUSUALLYCONSISTSOFASURFACEAREAWITHA5NMRADIUS,ANOUTERCIRCLEWITHA10NMRADIUSTHATEXTENDSFROM1,200FEETTO4,000FEETABOVETHEAIRPORTELEVATIONANDANOUTERAREAEACHPERSONMUSTESTABLISHTWOWAYRADIOCOMMUNICATIONSWITHTHEATCFACILITYPROVIDINGAIRTRAFFICSERVICESPRIORTOENTERINGTHEAIRSPACEANDTHEREAFTERMAINTAINTHOSECOMMUNICATIONSWHILEWITHINTHEAIRSPACE8–3SPECIALUSEAIRSPACEAIRSPACEINWHICHCERTAINACTIVITIESARESUBJECTTORESTRICTIONSTHATCANCREATELIMITATIONSONTHEMIXEDUSEOFAIRSPACECONSISTSOFPROHIBITED,RESTRICTED,WARNING,MILITARYOPERATIONS,ANDALERTAREASCLASSDGENERALLY,THATAIRSPACEFROMTHESURFACETO2,500FEETABOVETHEAIRPORTELEVATIONCHARTEDINMSLSURROUNDINGTHOSEAIRPORTSTHATHAVEANOPERATIONALCONTROLTOWERTHECONFIGURATIONOFEACHCLASSDAIRSPACEAREAISINDIVIDUALLYTAILOREDANDWHENINSTRUMENTPROCEDURESAREPUBLISHED,THEAIRSPACEWILLNORMALLYBEDESIGNEDTOCONTAINTHEPROCEDURESARRIVALEXTENSIONSFORINSTRUMENTAPPROACHPROCEDURESIAPSMAYBECLASSDORCLASSEAIRSPACEUNLESSOTHERWISEAUTHORIZED,EACHPERSONMUSTESTABLISHTWOWAYRADIOCOMMUNICATIONSWITHTHEATCFACILITYPROVIDINGAIRTRAFFICSERVICESPRIORTOENTERINGTHEAIRSPACEANDTHEREAFTERMAINTAINTHOSECOMMUNICATIONSWHILEINTHEAIRSPACECLASSEGENERALLY,IFTHEAIRSPACEISNOTCLASSA,CLASSB,CLASSC,ORCLASSD,ANDITISCONTROLLEDAIRSPACE,ITISCLASSEAIRSPACECLASSEAIRSPACEEXTENDSUPWARDFROMEITHERTHESURFACEORADESIGNATEDALTITUDETOTHEOVERLYINGORADJACENTCONTROLLEDAIRSPACEWHENDESIGNATEDASASURFACEAREA,THEAIRSPACEWILLBECONFIGUREDTOCONTAINALLINSTRUMENTPROCEDURESALSOINTHISCLASSAREFEDERALAIRWAYS,AIRSPACEBEGINNINGATEITHER700OR1,200FEETABOVEGROUNDLEVELAGLUSEDTOTRANSITIONTOANDFROMTHETERMINALORENROUTEENVIRONMENT,ENROUTEDOMESTIC,ANDOFFSHOREAIRSPACEAREASDESIGNATEDBELOW18,000FEETMSLUNLESSDESIGNATEDATALOWERALTITUDE,CLASSEAIRSPACEBEGINSAT14,500MSLOVERTHEUS,INCLUDINGTHATAIRSPACEOVERLYINGTHEWATERSWITHIN12NMOFTHECOASTOFTHE48CONTIGUOUSSTATESANDALASKA,UPTOBUTNOTINCLUDING18,000FEETMSL,ANDTHEAIRSPACEABOVEFL600CLASSGTHATAIRSPACENOTDESIGNATEDASCLASSA,B,C,D,ORECLASSGAIRSPACEISESSENTIALLYUNCONTROLLEDBYATCEXCEPTWHENASSOCIATEDWITHATEMPORARYCONTROLTOWERSPECIALUSEAIRSPACESPECIALUSEAIRSPACEISTHEDESIGNATIONFORAIRSPACEINWHICHCERTAINACTIVITIESMUSTBECONFINED,ORWHERELIMITATIONSMAYBEIMPOSEDONAIRCRAFTOPERATIONSTHATARENOTPARTOFTHOSEACTIVITIESCERTAINSPECIALUSEAIRSPACEAREASCANCREATELIMITATIONSONTHEMIXEDUSEOFAIRSPACETHESPECIALUSEAIRSPACEDEPICTEDONINSTRUMENTCHARTSINCLUDESTHEAREANAMEORNUMBER,EFFECTIVEALTITUDE,TIMEANDWEATHERCONDITIONSOFOPERATION,THECONTROLLINGAGENCY,ANDTHECHARTPANELLOCATIONONNATIONALAERONAUTICALCHARTINGOFFICENACOENROUTECHARTS,THISINFORMATIONISAVAILABLEONTHEPANELOPPOSITETHEAIR/GROUNDA/GVOICECOMMUNICATIONSPROHIBITEDAREASCONTAINAIRSPACEOFDEFINEDDIMENSIONSWITHINWHICHTHEFLIGHTOFAIRCRAFTISPROHIBITEDSUCHAREASAREESTABLISHEDFORSECURITYOROTHERREASONSASSOCIATEDWITHTHENATIONALWELFARETHESEAREASAREPUBLISHEDINTHEFEDERALREGISTERANDAREDEPICTEDONAERONAUTICALCHARTSTHEAREAISCHARTEDASA“P”WITHANUMBEREG,“P123”ASTHENAMEIMPLIES,FLIGHTTHROUGHTHISAIRSPACEISNOTPERMITTEDRESTRICTEDAREASAREAREASWHEREOPERATIONSAREHAZARDOUSTONONPARTICIPATINGAIRCRAFTANDCONTAINAIRSPACEWITHINWHICHTHEFLIGHTOFAIRCRAFT,WHILENOTWHOLLYPROHIBITED,ISSUBJECTTORESTRICTIONSACTIVITIESWITHINTHESEAREASMUSTBECONFINEDBECAUSEOFTHEIRNATURE,ORLIMITATIONSIMPOSEDUPONAIRCRAFTOPERATIONSTHATARENOTAPARTOFTHOSEACTIVITIES,ORBOTHRESTRICTEDAREASDENOTETHEEXISTENCEOFUNUSUAL,OFTENINVISIBLE,HAZARDSTOAIRCRAFTEG,ARTILLERYFIRING,AERIALGUNNERY,ORGUIDEDMISSILESIFRFLIGHTSMAYBEAUTHORIZEDTOTRANSITTHEAIRSPACEANDAREROUTEDACCORDINGLYPENETRATIONOFRESTRICTEDAREASWITHOUTAUTHORIZATIONFROMTHEUSINGORCONTROLLINGAGENCYMAYBEEXTREMELYHAZARDOUSTOTHEAIRCRAFTANDITSOCCUPANTSATCFACILITIESAPPLYTHEFOLLOWINGPROCEDURESWHENAIRCRAFTAREOPERATINGONANIFRCLEARANCEINCLUDINGTHOSECLEAREDBYATCTOMAINTAINVISUALFLIGHTRULESVFRONTOPVIAAROUTETHATLIESWITHINJOINTUSERESTRICTEDAIRSPACE1IFTHERESTRICTEDAREAISNOTACTIVEANDHASBEENRELEASEDTOTHEFEDERALAVIATIONADMINISTRATIONFAA,THEATCFACILITYWILLALLOWTHEAIRCRAFTTOOPERATEINTHERESTRICTEDAIRSPACEWITHOUTISSUINGSPECIFICCLEARANCEFORITTODOSO2IFTHERESTRICTEDAREAISACTIVEANDHASNOTBEENRELEASEDTOTHEFAA,THEATCFACILITYWILLISSUEACLEARANCEWHICHWILLENSURETHEAIRCRAFTAVOIDSTHERESTRICTEDAIRSPACERESTRICTEDAREASARECHARTEDWITHAN“R”FOLLOWEDBYANUMBEREG,“R5701”ANDAREDEPICTEDONTHEENROUTECHARTAPPROPRIATEFORUSEATTHEALTITUDEORFLBEINGFLOWNWARNINGAREASARESIMILARINNATURETORESTRICTEDAREASHOWEVER,THEUSGOVERNMENTDOESNOTHAVESOLEJURISDICTIONOVERTHEAIRSPACEAWARNINGAREAISAIRSPACEOFDEFINEDDIMENSIONS,EXTENDINGFROM3NMOUTWARDFROMTHECOASTOFTHEUS,CONTAININGACTIVITYTHATMAYBEHAZARDOUSTONONPARTICIPATINGAIRCRAFTTHEPURPOSEOFSUCHAREASISTOWARNNONPARTICIPATINGPILOTSOFTHEPOTENTIALDANGERAWARNINGAREAMAYBELOCATEDOVERDOMESTICORINTERNATIONALWATERSORBOTHTHEAIRSPACEISDESIGNATEDWITHA“W”ANDANUMBEREG,“W123”INSTRUMENTAPPROACHPROCEDURESIAPSASERIESOFPREDETERMINEDMANEUVERSFORTHEORDERLYTRANSFEROFANAIRCRAFTUNDERIFRFROMTHEBEGINNINGOFTHEINITIALAPPROACHTOALANDINGORTOAPOINTFROMWHICHALANDINGMAYBEMADEVISUALLY
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