簡(jiǎn)介：ASSESSINGTHEFUTURECHALLENGESINSTRATEGICSOURCINGCOMMODITYFROMCHINAACASESTUDYANALYSISNEILTOWERSAANDYISONGBADEPARTMENTOFMANAGEMENTANDLANGUAGES,HERIOTWATTUNIVERSITY,EDINBURGH,UKBSCHOOLOFMATERIALS,UNIVERSITYOFMANCHESTER,MANCHESTER,UKTHEREHASBEENANINCREASINGTRENDOFGLOBALSOURCINGGARMENTSUPPLYFROMSOUTHEASTASIABUTTHECHALLENGESCONFRONTINGRETAILERSSOURCINGCOMMODITYANDSEASONALGARMENTSFROMCOUNTRIESSUCHASCHINAARELESSWELLUNDERSTOODASUPPLIEREVALUATIONMODELDEVELOPEDFROMTHEKAUFMANNANDHEDDERICH2005FRAMEWORKASSESSESTHEDELIVERY,FLEXIBILITY,COST,QUALITY,RELIABILITYANDCULTURESOURCINGCHALLENGESFROMCHINAUSINGACASESTUDYAPPROACHOFAUKBASEDGARMENTSOURCINGCOMPANYUSINGAFUZZYLOGICMETHODTHERESULTSHAVEIDENTIFIEDTHATTHEHIGHESTCHALLENGESINCLUDEUNFORESEENRISKINDELIVERYPROCESS,RIGIDNEGOTIABILITY,LANGUAGEBARRIERSANDCHINESESTYLEBUSINESSCUSTOMSTHEMOSTIMPORTANTCHALLENGESAREIMPROVEMENT,SOURCINGLOCATION,LANGUAGESBARRIERS,UNFORESEENDELIVERYRISKSANDCUSTOMERSERVICESKEYWORDSCHINACHINESEGARMENTSUPPLYCOMMODITYFUZZYLOGICMETHODOLOGYSTRATEGICGLOBALSOURCINGTRADINGRELATIONSHIPSINTRODUCTIONMANYFIRMSARECOMBININGINTERNATIONALANDGLOBALSOURCINGTOACHIEVESUSTAINABLECOMPETITIVEADVANTAGESSUCHASLOWERPRICES,BETTERQUALITY,ACCESSTONEWMARKETANDSHORTERPRODUCTLIFECYCLESSHOOKETAL2009GLOBALIZATIONHASBECOMEONEOFTHEMOSTINEVITABLETRENDSINRECENTYEARSASGARMENTRETAILERSHAVETODEALWITHCUSTOMERINSPIREDCHANGEMOREQUICKLYANDMOREFREQUENTLYTHANEVERBEFOREWHILSTFOCUSINGONCOSTREDUCTIONLEADINGRETAILERSINDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESDEPENDHEAVILYONOVERSEASMANUFACTURERSASTHEIRSOURCEOFGARMENTSMANYBRANDSCOOPERATETHROUGHALLIANCESWITHOVERSEASPARTNERSTOPRODUCEBRANDEDCLOTHINGANDFOOTWEARLEEETAL2004GLOBALSOURCINGHASBEENDEFINEDAS‘THEINTEGRATIONANDCOORDINATIONOFPROCUREMENTREQUIREMENTSACROSSWORLDWIDEBUSINESSUNITS,LOOKINGATCOMMONITEMS,PROCESSES,TECHNOLOGIES,ANDSUPPLIERS’MONCZKAANDTRENT1991,P3ITCANGENERATECOSTSAVINGSFROM10TO40,WHICHMAKESITANATTRACTIVESTRATEGYTOPURSUEFORGARMENTRETAILERSFREARETAL1992,ZENG2003SOMEPOPULAREUROPEANFASHIONBRANDSHAVEPROGRESSIVELYMOVEDTHEIRSUPPLYREGIONSFROMEUROPETOSOUTHEASTASIA,ASTHESECOUNTRIESAREVERYCOMPETITIVEFORTHEIRLOWPRODUCTPRICESANDINCREASINGQUALITYLEVELSTOWERSANDPENG2006,MASSONETAL2007WITHTHELARGEVOLUMEGARMENTPRODUCERSOFCHINAANDINDIAGRADUALLYINCREASINGACCESSTOFOREIGNCOMPANIES,THEREISANINCREASINGTRENDOFMULTINATIONALCOMPANIESWHOREGARDAGLOBALPROCUREMENTSTRATEGYASANIMPORTANTPARTOFTHENEWBUSINESSSTRATEGYTOFOLLOWTHETRENDOFGLOBALIZATION,GARMENTRETAILERSCHOOSEGLOBALSOURCINGASTHEIRISSN13602381PRINT/ISSN1743792XONLINEQ2010TAYLORFRANCISDOI101080/13602380903068071HTTP//WWWINFORMAWORLDCOMCORRESPONDINGAUTHOREMAILNTOWERSHWACUKASIAPACIFICBUSINESSREVIEWVOL16,NO4,OCTOBER2010,527–544AMERCHANDISERANGEISDIVIDEDINTOTHREEMAJORSEGMENTSOFBASIC,SEASONALANDSHORTSEASONLOWSON2003,WHICHPROVIDEANUMBEROFCHALLENGESFORGLOBALSOURCINGOFGARMENTSABASICORCOMMODITYGARMENT,SUCHASASINGLECOLOURTEESHIRTISTYPICALLYAVAILABLEALLYEAR,WITHADEMANDFORECASTPROFILEBASEDONHISTORICALSALESPERFORMANCESUPPLYINTOTHEMARKETISDRIVENBYANALLOCATIVEPROCESSTHATRESPONDSTOVOLUMEREQUIREMENTSANDAPPORTIONSDELIVERIESACCORDINGLYDEMANDISRELATIVELYPREDICTABLE,WITHFORECASTERRORTYPICALLYBETWEEN10AND20MASONJONESETAL2000WITHAFOCUSOFMINIMIZINGCOSTINTHESUPPLYPROCESS,MOREFREQUENTDELIVERIESWITHSMALLERBATCHSIZESISANIMPORTANTCONTRIBUTIONFROMTHESUPPLIERTOREDUCEINVENTORYINTHESUPPLYPIPELINEASEASONALPRODUCTSUCHAMEN’SSUMMERJACKETISAVAILABLEFORASPECIFICTIMEPERIOD,TYPICALLYTENTOTHIRTEENWEEKS,ANDISCHARACTERIZEDBYFASHIONTRENDSASHORTSEASONGARMENTSUCHASAFASHIONLADIES’TOPISAVAILABLEFORALIMITEDPERIODOFTIME,OFTENWITHINASEASONORACROSSTWOSEASONSTHEIMPORTANTMARKETDRIVERFORBOTHTHESESEASONRELATEDPRODUCTSISAVAILABILITYOFTHEGARMENTRANGEINSTOREFORTHELIMITEDPERIODOFTIMEINTHESELLINGSEASONTHESALESFORECASTISUNPREDICTABLE,OFTENWITHANERROROFMORETHAN100ANDREQUIRESAVERYRESPONSIVESUPPLYCHAINTOSERVICETHEFLUCTUATINGRETAILERS’DEMANDREQUIREMENTS,PARTICULARLYATTHEITEMORPRODUCTLEVELHENCE,CONNECTINGTHEDEMANDREQUIREMENTSWITHTHESUPPLIER’SCAPABILITYISTHEKEYTOSERVICINGTHEFINALCUSTOMERS’REQUIREMENTSOFAVAILABILITYINSTORETHEREAREANUMBEROFBENEFITSTHATCANBEGAINEDFROMGLOBALSOURCING,INCLUDINGCOSTREDUCTION,QUALITY,AVAILABILITY,SHORTENINGTIMEOFPRODUCTDEVELOPMENT,IMPROVINGCOMPANYIMAGE,SATISFYINGOBLIGATIONS,BETTERDELIVERYTERMSANDINTERNATIONALCOMPETITIVENESSCHOANDKANG2001HOWEVER,DUETOTHEGEOGRAPHICALDISTANCEANDDIFFERENCESINLANGUAGEANDCULTURE,THEREAREMANYCHALLENGESFORAGARMENTMANUFACTURINGCOMPANYENGAGEDINGLOBALSOURCINGCHOANDKANG2001IDENTIFIED13CHALLENGESFORSOURCINGGARMENTSABROADTHATINCLUDEDCULTURALANDBEHAVIOURALFACTORSSUCHASLANGUAGEBARRIERS,DIFFERENTCUSTOMSANDBUSINESSPRACTICES,ASWELLASOPERATIONSMANAGEMENTANDECONOMICINFLUENCESTHEREHASBEENAGROWINGRECOGNITIONTHATOFFSHORERETAILTRADINGWITHSUPPLIERSHASBECOMEHIGHLYDEPENDANTONTHESTRENGTHOFTHERELATIONSHIPSTHATINCORPORATESOCIOLOGICALISSUESASWELLASTHEMUTUALEXCHANGEOFINFORMATIONRELATINGTOMATERIAL,CAPACITYANDORDERREQUIREMENTS,UNDERSTANDINGTHENEEDSANDCAPABILITYOFTHESUPPLIERISALSOIMPORTANTINTHELONGERTERMTOWERSANDBURNES2008BUYINGFIRMSHAVEBEENDEVELOPINGCLOSERSOURCINGRELATIONSHIPSINTHEIRDE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簡(jiǎn)介：外文資料SELECTINGTHERIGHTDATAACQUISITIONSYSTEMENGINEERSOFTENMUSTMONITORAHANDFULOFSIGNALSOVEREXTENDEDPERIODSOFTIME,ANDTHENGRAPHANDANALYZETHERESULTINGDATATHENEEDTOMONITOR,RECORDANDANALYZEDATAARISESINAWIDERANGEOFAPPLICATIONS,INCLUDINGTHEDESIGNVERIFICATIONSTAGEOFPRODUCTDEVELOPMENT,ENVIRONMENTALCHAMBERMONITORING,COMPONENTINSPECTION,BENCHTOPTESTINGANDPROCESSTROUBLESHOOTINGTHISAPPLICATIONNOTEDESCRIBESTHEVARIOUSMETHODSANDDEVICESYOUCANUSETOACQUIREIT,RECORDANDANALYZEDATA,FROMTHESIMPLEPENANDPAPERMETHODTOUSINGTODAYSSOPHISTICATEDDATAACQUISITIONSYSTEMSITDISCUSSESTHEADVANTAGESANDDISADVANTAGESOFEACHMETHODANDPROVIDESALISTOFQUESTIONSTHATWILLGUIDEYOUINSELECTINGTHEAPPROACHTHATBESTSUITSYOURNEEDS1INTRODUCTIONINGEOTECHNICALENGINEERING,WESOMETIMEENCOUNTERSOMEDIFFICULTIESSUCHASMONITORINGINSTRUMENTSDISTRIBUTEDINALARGEAREA,DANGEROUSENVIRONMENTOFWORKINGSITETHATCAUSESOMEDIFFICULTYFOREASYACCESSINTHISCASE,OPERATORSMAYADOPTREMOTECONTROL,BYWHICHALARGEAMOUNTOFMEASUREDDATAWILLBETRANSMITTEDTOAOBSERVATIONROOMWHERETHEDATAARETOBECOLLECTED,STOREDANDPROCESSEDTHEAUTOMATICDATAACQUISITIONCONTROLSYSTEMISABLETOCOMPLETETHETASKSASREGULARAUTOMATICDATAMONITORING,ACQUISITIONANDSTORE,FEATURINGHIGHAUTOMATION,LARGEDATASTORECAPACITYANDRELIABLEPERFORMANCETHESYSTEMISCOMPOSEDOFACQUISITIONCONTROLSYSTEMANDDISPLAYSYSTEM,WITHTHEFOLLOWINGFEATURES1NOOFCHANNELS32ITCANBEINCREASEDORDECREASEDACCORDINGTOUSERSREALNEEDS2SCANNINGDURATIONDECIDEDBYUSER,FASTEST32POINTS/SECOND3STORECAPACITY20GITMAYBEINCREASEDORDECREASED4DISPLAYATABLEOFPARAMETERBHISTORYTENDENCYCCOLUMNGRAPHICS5FUNCTIONREALTIMEMONITORINGCONTROL,WARNING6OVERALLDIMENSION50CM50CM72CMDATAACQUISITIONSYSTEMS,ASTHENAMEIMPLIES,AREPRODUCTSAND/ORPROCESSESUSEDTOCOLLECTINFORMATIONTODOCUMENTORANALYZESOMEPHENOMENONINTHESIMPLESTFORM,ATECHNICIANLOGGINGTHETEMPERATUREOFANOVENONAPIECEOFPAPERISEITHERANOPERATORORACOMPUTERDRAWBACKSINCLUDEALACKOFFLEXIBILITYANDRELATIVELYLOWACCURACY,WHICHISOFTENCONSTRAINEDTOAFEWPERCENTAGEPOINTSYOUCANTYPICALLYPERCEIVEONLYSMALLCHANGESINTHEPENPLOTSWHILERECORDERSPERFORMWELLWHENMONITORINGAFEWCHANNELSOVERALONGPERIODOFTIME,THEIRVALUECANBELIMITEDFOREXAMPLE,THEYAREUNABLETOTURNANOTHERDEVICEONOROFFOTHERCONCERNSINCLUDEPENANDPAPERMAINTENANCE,PAPERSUPPLYANDDATASTORAGE,ALLOFWHICHTRANSLATEINTOPAPEROVERUSEANDWASTESTILL,RECORDERSAREFAIRLYEASYTOSETUPANDOPERATE,ANDOFFERAPERMANENTRECORDOFTHEDATAFORQUICKANDSIMPLEANALYSIS4SCANNINGDIGITALMULTIMETERSOMEBENCHTOPDMMSOFFERANOPTIONALSCANNINGCAPABILITYASLOTINTHEREAROFTHEINSTRUMENTACCEPTSASCANNERCARDTHATCANMULTIPLEXBETWEENMULTIPLEINPUTS,WITH8TO10CHANNELSOFMUXBEINGFAIRLYCOMMONDMMACCURACYANDTHEFUNCTIONALITYINHERENTINTHEINSTRUMENTSFRONTPANELARERETAINEDFLEXIBILITYISLIMITEDINTHATITISNOTPOSSIBLETOEXPANDBEYONDTHENUMBEROFCHANNELSAVAILABLEINTHEEXPANSIONSLOTANEXTERNALPCUSUALLYHANDLESDATAACQUISITIONANDANALYSIS5PCPLUGINCARDSPCPLUGINCARDSARESINGLEBOARDMEASUREMENTSYSTEMSTHATTAKEADVANTAGEOFTHEISAORPCIBUSEXPANSIONSLOTSINAPCTHEYOFTENHAVEREADINGRATESASHIGHAS100,000READINGSPERSECONDCOUNTSOF8TO16CHANNELSARECOMMON,ANDACQUIREDDATAISSTOREDDIRECTLYINTOTHECOMPUTER,WHEREITCANTHENBEANALYZEDBECAUSETHECARDISESSENTIALLYPARTOFTHECOMPUTER,ITISEASYTOSETUPTESTSPCCARDSALSOARERELATIVELYINEXPENSIVE,INPART,BECAUSETHEYRELYONTHEHOSTPCTOPROVIDEPOWER,THEMECHANICALENCLOSUREANDTHEUSERINTERFACE6DATAACQUISITIONOPTIONSINTHEDOWNSIDE,PCPLUGINCARDSOFTENHAVEONLY12BITSOFRESOLUTION,SOYOUCANTPERCEIVESMALLVARIATIONSWITHTHEINPUTSIGNALFURTHERMORE,THEELECTRICALENVIRONMENTINSIDEAPCTENDSTOBENOISY,WITHHIGHSPEEDCLOCKSANDBUSNOISERADIATEDTHROUGHOUTOFTEN,THISELECTRICALINTERFERENCELIMITSTHEACCURACYOFTHEPCPLUGINCARDTOTHATOFAHANDHELDDMMTHESECARDSALSOMEASUREAFAIRLYLIMITEDRANGEOFDCVOLTAGETOMEASUREOTHERINPUTSIGNALS,SUCHASACVOLTAGE,TEMPERATUREORRESISTANCE,YOUMAYNEEDSOMESORTOFEXTERNALSIGNALCONDITIONINGADDITIONALCONCERNSINCLUDEPROBLEMATICCALIBRATIONANDOVERALLSYSTEMCOST,ESPECIALLYIFYOUNEEDTOPURCHASEADDITIONALSIGNALCONDITIONINGACCESSORIESORAPCTOACCOMMODATE

簡(jiǎn)介：重慶科技學(xué)院學(xué)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文譯文學(xué)院安全工程學(xué)院專(zhuān)業(yè)班級(jí)安全普200801學(xué)生姓名盛耀祖學(xué)號(hào)2008441562本譯文原文出自本譯文原文出自SAFETYSCIENCE第第49卷1110頁(yè)1117頁(yè)職業(yè)健康和安全管理體系中可能性影響因素的回歸性分析職業(yè)健康和安全管理體系中可能性影響因素的回歸性分析摘要職業(yè)健康和安全機(jī)構(gòu)OHS關(guān)鍵之處是靠一個(gè)有影響力的規(guī)程,來(lái)提高在職員工的安全性。但是仍有許多因素影響了OHS的規(guī)劃和實(shí)施。評(píng)估管理實(shí)踐是最重要的因素,特別是針對(duì)員工形成的健康和安全的環(huán)境政策。這個(gè)調(diào)查的程序是通過(guò)一個(gè)被賦予用回歸方法求解凸殼頂點(diǎn)的智能數(shù)據(jù)分析IDA方法，該方法能用于分析OHSMS管理中出現(xiàn)的必要影響因素。面對(duì)這種主觀條件,所得樣品可以方便地認(rèn)為是隸屬函數(shù)中的模糊輸入/輸出數(shù)據(jù)。這項(xiàng)研究提供了這種用智能數(shù)據(jù)分析的方法，在成功的實(shí)施政策的過(guò)程中，可作為一個(gè)選擇評(píng)價(jià)影響因素,這樣OHS全面計(jì)算量可以大大減少。結(jié)果表明,一些管理中的相關(guān)影響因素需要仔細(xì)考慮，以便于成功的實(shí)施管理程序。關(guān)鍵詞智能數(shù)據(jù)分析職業(yè)健康與安全管理系統(tǒng)可能性回歸分析1引言在最近幾年里，職業(yè)健康和安全管理成功實(shí)施（OHS）成為確保在工作環(huán)境中保證健康和安全最好的解決方法。直接關(guān)系到這重要規(guī)則由兩大部分人組成員工個(gè)人和管理人員。職業(yè)健康和安全管理體系和活動(dòng)整體的結(jié)合必須要有明確的定義,而且他們產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果也要通過(guò)職業(yè)健康和安全管理系統(tǒng)（OHSMS）做出定期的評(píng)估。在這種環(huán)境下，影響一個(gè)OHS因素的評(píng)估工作就給員工和管理人員提供了一個(gè)有效的反饋。不僅如此，這個(gè)過(guò)程還使職工產(chǎn)生更高的安全意識(shí)并且員工還會(huì)在單位中產(chǎn)生更多的幸福。除此之外，最本質(zhì)的分歧是一些有爭(zhēng)議的觀點(diǎn)，這些觀點(diǎn)是有關(guān)程序怎樣得到合適的關(guān)于OHS實(shí)踐知識(shí)并且如何處理不精確的或者模糊的數(shù)據(jù)。OHS固有的復(fù)雜性來(lái)源于幾個(gè)因素。具體而言，我們需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算方法通常是有不足的，而且事件要求傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)，也會(huì)被證實(shí)是相當(dāng)不可靠的。因此我們真正需要的是開(kāi)發(fā)一種可選擇的方法，用于我們分析和提供高質(zhì)量的結(jié)果；有關(guān)OHSMS實(shí)施程序也需要連續(xù)不斷的改進(jìn)。目前，主管或?qū)徲?jì)師可以在他們?cè)u(píng)估OHSMS影響因素過(guò)程中使用多種儀器和評(píng)估工具。影響OHS實(shí)踐的因素和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)通常取決于公司的政策和法規(guī)，它的評(píng)估過(guò)程包括許多方法和參數(shù)的選擇，這些通常都是建立在不準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)據(jù)上的。除此之外，一些公司和組織機(jī)構(gòu)還提出開(kāi)放性的或者主觀的問(wèn)題。這些問(wèn)題的類(lèi)型都需要進(jìn)行一些判斷過(guò)程，例如OHS專(zhuān)家對(duì)結(jié)果的分析和解釋。如果不這樣做，它是很難得到結(jié)論或產(chǎn)生有用的知識(shí)。此外，新興的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)施為在公司或組織的相關(guān)部門(mén)提供了優(yōu)勢(shì)

簡(jiǎn)介：外文資料原文外文資料原文CHARACTERISTICSOFIPMSMSPEEDCONTROLSYSTEMWITHOUTELECTROLYTICCAPACITORTATSUYANISHIHARA,SHIGEOMORIMOTO,ANDMASAYUKISANADAOSAKAPREFECTUREUNIVERSITY,11,GAKUENCHO,NAKAKU,SAKAI,OSAKA,JAPANABSTRACTELIMINATIONOFTHEELECTROLYTICCAPACITORINTHEINVERTERSOFMOTORSYSTEMDRIVENDOMESTICAPPLIANCESISDESIRABLE,BECAUSETHEELECTROLYTICCAPACITORINCREASESTHEAPPLIANCEVOLUMEANDHASTHEPROBLEMOFSHORTLIFETIMETWODIFFERENTCONTROLMETHODSFORANINTERIORPERMANENTMAGNETSYNCHRONOUSMACHINEIPMSMSPEEDCONTROLSYSTEMWITHOUTANELECTROLYTICCAPACITORARECOMPAREDTHEPERFORMANCEOFTHESPEEDCONTROLSYSTEMISTHENEXAMINEDUSINGTHESUPERIORCONTROLMETHODANDTHEINFLUENCEOFTHEMOTORPARAMETERSONTHEIPMSMDRIVEPERFORMANCEWITHOUTANELECTROLYTICCAPACITORISEXAMINEDASARESULT,THEINFLUENCEOFINDUCTANCEISCLARIFIEDINDEXTERMSELIMINATIONOFELECTROLYTICCAPACITOR,MAXIMUMTORQUEPERAMPERECONTROL,FLUXWEAKENINGCONTROL,IPMSMIINTRODUCTIONRECENTLY,ELECTRICALPOWERCONVERTERSSUCHASTHEDIODERECTIFIERANDINVERTERHAVEBEENADOPTEDINSOMEDOMESTICELECTRICAPPLIANCESHOWEVER,WITHANELECTRICALPOWERCONVERTER,HIGHPERFORMANCE,HIGHEFFICIENCY,DOWNSIZING,WEIGHTSAVING,LOWCOST,ANDLONGLIFEAREDESIRABLEADDITIONALLY,HARMONICPROBLEMATPOWERSIDEMUSTBECONSIDEREDTHESEAREIMPORTANTFACTORSTOCONSIDERFORTHEEVALUATIONOFELECTRICALPOWERCONVERTERS13THEREFORE,THEREHAVEBEENMANYSTUDIESREGARDINGPOWERCONVERSIONMETHODSANDCIRCUITCONSTRUCTIONINGENERAL,ACDCACELECTRICALPOWERCONVERTERSAREUSEDASACACFREQUENCYCONVERTERSHOWEVER,THISMETHODREQUIRESAHIGHCAPACITYELECTROLYTICCAPACITOR,ANDTHESIZEOFTHEELECTROLYTICCAPACITORFORACONVERTERISLARGEFIG1SIMULATIONMODELIIICOMPARISONOFTWODIFFERENTCONTROLMETHODSTHESPECIFICATIONSOFTHESIMULATEDMACHINEARESHOWNINTABLEIACOMPARISONOFTHEID0ANDMTPAFWCONTROLMETHODSISPRESENTEDINFIG2THEMOTOREFFICIENCYISCALCULATEDBYDIVIDINGTHEMECHANICALOUTPUTPOWERBYTHEELECTRICALINPUTPOWERIRONLOSSISNEGLECTEDTHEREFERENCESPEEDIS1800ANDTHELOADTORQUEIS1MIN?10NMINTHESIMULATIONSWHENTHECAPACITYOFTHECAPACITORISSMALL,THEMOTOREFFICIENCYDECREASESANDTHETORQUERIPPLEINCREASESTHEMTPAFWCONTROLMETHODACHIEVESHIGHERMOTOREFFICIENCYANDSMALLERTORQUERIPPLETHANTHEID0CONTROLMETHODIVCHARACTERISTICSOFTHEMAXIMUMTORQUEPERAMPEREANDFLUXWEAKENINGCONTROLMETHODTHECHARACTERISTICSOFTHEMTPAFWCONTROLMETHODWEREEXAMINEDINDETAILTHEREFERENCESPEEDANDLOADTORQUEUSEDWERE1800MIN1AND10NM,RESPECTIVELYTHEDCBUSVOLTAGECHARACTERISTICSARESHOWNINFIG3,ANDTHOSEOFTHECONVERTERINPUTVOLTAGEANDCURRENTARESHOWNINFIG4WHENTHECAPACITYOFTHESMOOTHINGCAPACITORIS1000ΜF(xiàn),THEDCBUSVOLTAGEISSMOOTHEDHOWEVER,THEDCDCVBUSVOLTAGEVDCISNOTSMOOTHEDWHENTHECAPACITYOFTHESMOOTHINGCAPACITORIS10ΜF(xiàn)ASSUMINGAFILMCAPACITORINADDITION,WHENTHECAPACITYOFTHESMOOTHING

簡(jiǎn)介：出處GUBRANAA,SINHAJKSHAFTINSTANTANEOUSANGULARSPEEDFORBLADEVIBRATIONINROTATINGMACHINEJMECHANICALSYSTEMSANDSIGNALPROCESSING,2014,4414759中文6044字附錄英文資料及翻譯SHAFTINSTANTANEOUSANGULARSPEEDFORBLADEVIBRATIONINROTATINGMACHINEAHMEDAGUBRAN,JYOTIKSINHASCHOOLOFMECHANICAL,AEROSPACEANDCIVILENGINEERINGMACE,THEUNIVERSITYOFMANCHESTER,SACKVILLESTREET,MANCHESTERM139PL,UKARTICLEINFOARTICLEHISTORYRECEIVED29JUNE2012RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM19DECEMBER2012ACCEPTED3FEBRUARY2013KEYWORDSINSTANTANEOUSANGULARSPEEDIASBLADEVIBRATIONBLADEHEALTHMONITORINGBHMBLADEFAULTSSHAFTTORSIONALVIBRATIONORDERTRACKINGABSTRACTRELIABLEBLADEHEALTHMONITORINGBHMINROTATINGMACHINESLIKESTEAMTURBINESANDGASTURBINES,ISATOPICOFRESEARCHSINCEDECADESTOREDUCEMACHINEDOWNTIME,MAINTENANCECOSTSANDTOMAINTAINTHEOVERALLSAFETYTRANSVERSEBLADEVIBRATIONISOFTENTRANSMITTEDTOTHESHAFTASTORSIONALVIBRATIONTHESHAFTINSTANTANEOUSANGULARSPEEDIASISNOTHINGBUTTHEREPRESENTINGTHESHAFTTORSIONALVIBRATIONHENCETHESHAFTIASHASBEENEXTRACTEDFROMTHEMEASUREDENCODERDATADURINGMACHINERUNUPTOUNDERSTANDTHEBLADEVIBRATIONANDTOEXPLORETHEPOSSIBILITYOFRELIABLEASSESSMENTOFBLADEHEALTHANUMBEROFEXPERIMENTSONANEXPERIMENTALRIGWITHABLADEDDISKWERECONDUCTEDWITHHEALTHYBUTMISTUNEDBLADESANDWITHDIFFERENTFAULTSSIMULATIONINTHEBLADESTHEMEASUREDSHAFTTORSIONALVIBRATIONSHOWSADISTINCTDIFFERENCEBETWEENTHEHEALTHYANDTHEFAULTYBLADECONDITIONSHENCE,THEOBSERVATIONSAREUSEFULFORTHEBHMINFUTURETHEPAPERPRESENTSTHEEXPERIMENTALSETUP,SIMULATIONOFBLADEFAULTS,EXPERIMENTSCONDUCTED,OBSERVATIONSANDRESULTS1INTRODUCTIONROTATINGBLADESARECONSIDEREDASTHEMOSTCOMMONCAUSEOFFAILURESINROTATINGMACHINERYTHEEXTRACTIONPROCESSFROMTHEENCODERMEASUREMENT,RIGDETAILS,BLADEFAULTSSIMULATIONS,EXPERIMENTSCONDUCTEDANDTHEOBSERVATIONSONTHEBLADEDYNAMICSWHICHMAYPOSSIBLYLEADTOTHEBHMINFUTURE2INSTANTANEOUSANGULARSPEEDIASMEASUREMENTANENCODERTHATMEASURES360PULSESFOREVERYCOMPLETEROTATIONOFASHAFTHASBEENUSEDFORTHEPRESENTEXPERIMENTTOAIDTHEUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEIASSIGNALEXTRACTIONFROMTHEMEASUREDENCODERPULSETRAIN,ASIMPLIFIEDMEASUREMENTSCHEMEOFTHEENCODERANDTHEPULSETRAINISSHOWNINFIG1THESENSORSIMPLYMEASURESTHEGAPBETWEENEACHTOOTHONTHEGEARDURINGITSROTATIONWHICHRESULTSINTHEPULSETRAINOFTHEMEASUREDGAPVOLTAGEWITHTIMEASSHOWNINFIG1THEEXTRACTIONOFINSTANTANEOUSANGULARSPEEDIASSIGNALUSINGTHEPULSETRAININFIG1ISDISCUSSEDINTHEFOLLOWINGSTEPSIEACHSQUAREPULSEREPRESENTSATOOTHINTHEGEAROFTHEENCODER,HENCETHEDIFFERENCEOFTIMES,T2T1,T3T2,TN1TN,ETCREPRESENTSTHETIMEINTERVALREQUIREDTOCROSSTHE1ST,2ND,,NTHTOOTHRESPECTIVELYWHICHISWRITTENAS1NNNTTT????1FIG1PULSETRAINCREATEDFROMSHAFTENCODERITISALSOASSUMEDTHATTHETIMEINTERVALFORNTHTOOTHISMEASUREDATTHETIME,TNAS（2）21???NNNTTTWHEREN1,2,3,4,5,,NNUMBEROFTEETHINTHEGEAROFTHEENCODERIITHEANGULARDISPLACEMENTΔΘFORTHEEACHEQUALLYSPACEDTOOTHINTHEGEARWHEELOFTHEENCODERCANBEWRITTENAS

簡(jiǎn)介：1可在網(wǎng)頁(yè)WWWSCIENCEDIRECTCOM上搜到建筑和建筑材料科學(xué)科學(xué)建筑和建筑材料22期2008年277285頁(yè)碳纖維鋼筋混凝土梁的彎曲形態(tài)碳纖維鋼筋混凝土梁的彎曲形態(tài)拉菲穆罕默德馬蘇德,阿里納德加艾,法里斯阿利雅和第第爾托拉摸拿阿爾斯特大學(xué)安全防火工程研究與技術(shù)中心FIRESERT,在英國(guó)約翰鎮(zhèn),海岸路,紐敦阿比BT370QB2006年2月13日收到2006年7月24日修訂2006年8月30號(hào)接受?2006年10月18網(wǎng)上公布?摘要摘要鋼鐵的腐蝕造成了嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題，持久性的鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)和復(fù)合纖維材料FRP的已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)用來(lái)代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)鋼的潛在材料?這種系列試驗(yàn)組成的碳纖維復(fù)合材料CFRP和鋼筋混凝土梁的結(jié)果在本文中有報(bào)道?結(jié)果表明，碳纖維復(fù)合材料和鋼筋梁有許多方面很類(lèi)似。這兩種類(lèi)型的梁，都未能在其預(yù)測(cè)的模式下失效?強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)方法低估了碳纖維復(fù)合梁的能力?碳纖維復(fù)合梁撓度的恢復(fù)能達(dá)到令人滿(mǎn)意的承載水平,及相應(yīng)的理論荷載能力?碳纖維復(fù)合梁的變形系數(shù)有6次以上顯示其韌性性質(zhì)失效?關(guān)鍵詞纖維聚合物復(fù)合碳纖維模式失效混凝土梁恢復(fù)矩?fù)隙茸冃?1說(shuō)明說(shuō)明鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)RC得益于鋼筋無(wú)可匹敵的優(yōu)勢(shì)，超過(guò)所有加強(qiáng)材料的事實(shí)已有100年的歷史?卓越品質(zhì)的鋼材,其兼容性能使鋼和混凝土成為有效鋼筋混凝土?然而，鋼極易暴露出來(lái)受氧化而成為氧化物?雖然,堿性環(huán)境能保護(hù)鋼鐵的腐蝕,從而很耐用,并不總是能夠提供一個(gè)有效的保護(hù)?不足的因素包括混凝土不良的設(shè)計(jì)或施工,不良的混凝土配合比和侵蝕性的環(huán)境可以腐蝕保護(hù)層,并可能導(dǎo)致鋼筋的腐蝕?這些環(huán)境包括海洋環(huán)境,堿性的橋梁和停車(chē)場(chǎng)環(huán)境,以及有礦物鹽污染的混凝土拌合物?最初混凝土的開(kāi)裂和剝落的跡象,使其進(jìn)一步加大水分對(duì)鋼的氧化?腐蝕造成鋼筋截面的逐漸減少,這導(dǎo)致鋼筋和混凝土不能粘連?抑制鋼鐵的生銹工作已經(jīng)進(jìn)行,以達(dá)到充分發(fā)揮結(jié)構(gòu)的潛力?這種結(jié)構(gòu)每年要承擔(dān)高昂的維護(hù)費(fèi)用?可靠耐用的這些結(jié)構(gòu)3是材料和溫度條件的首個(gè)字母?梁的符號(hào)中第一個(gè)字母B代表室溫，第三個(gè)字母代表了類(lèi)型的張拉鋼筋材料,如R在室溫的第三個(gè)字母代表了類(lèi)型的張拉加強(qiáng)ABR的材料,例如R為鋼鐵和C為碳纖桿件?這些符號(hào)已被整個(gè)案文的其余部分一貫遵循?222222碳纖桿件碳纖桿件復(fù)合纖維鋼桿件包括95毫米直徑的直碳纖棒，如圖2所示?桿件是由一位美國(guó)制造商拉擠而成?表1試驗(yàn)期間對(duì)混凝土強(qiáng)度的測(cè)試梁抗壓強(qiáng)度鋼筋混凝土梁14652鋼筋混凝土梁24464碳纖維混凝土梁14255碳纖維混凝土梁141712∮86MM箍筋2∮10/295碳纖維混凝土梁碳纖維混凝土梁無(wú)比例無(wú)比例以MMMM為單位為單位圖11代表性的梁的詳圖代表性的梁的詳圖連續(xù)碳纖維60的體積分?jǐn)?shù)的被使用?這些纖維各自的標(biāo)稱(chēng)拉伸強(qiáng)度和拉伸模量分別是483GPA和234GPA?用于連接纖維的樹(shù)脂是雙酚環(huán)氧乙烯基酯?通過(guò)表面處理提高桿件質(zhì)感表面上,以加強(qiáng)它們的連接。桿件有盤(pán)大的空間可以螺旋地纏繞，與樹(shù)脂表

簡(jiǎn)介：1推進(jìn)土壤科學(xué)朝著前沿的地球科學(xué)發(fā)展姓名杜巖學(xué)號(hào)M110792課程名稱(chēng)高級(jí)土壤學(xué)考試形式文獻(xiàn)翻譯與綜述文獻(xiàn)作者LARRYPWILDINGA,HENRYLINB雜志GEODERMA，2006,257274摘要土壤科學(xué)的發(fā)展遠(yuǎn)景、方向和土壤科學(xué)的形象正在發(fā)生變化。從歷史上看，土壤科學(xué)的演變經(jīng)歷一個(gè)迂回曲折的道路，從當(dāng)初作為地質(zhì)學(xué)最基礎(chǔ)的學(xué)科，到開(kāi)始應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)和環(huán)境保護(hù)的準(zhǔn)則，至現(xiàn)在發(fā)展成為用于地球關(guān)鍵帶區(qū)域調(diào)查的生物地質(zhì)科學(xué)。如此終止了土壤學(xué)發(fā)展道路上的循環(huán)般的曲折命運(yùn)，而且一路走來(lái)，土壤科學(xué)變得更加完善、應(yīng)用更廣泛、綜合性更強(qiáng)、分析能力和定量性更高。盡管本文中描述了土壤科學(xué)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，但是現(xiàn)在對(duì)于土壤科學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)卻是一個(gè)黃金時(shí)期去更加緊密地將其專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)與其他生物和地理科學(xué)更加緊密的融合。這將不僅可以顯著增加獲取校外資金和公眾的支持機(jī)會(huì)而且可以獲得土壤科學(xué)進(jìn)步。因此，土壤科學(xué)需要大力成為更具互動(dòng)性的科學(xué)和拓展延伸它所扮演的角色，從而超越傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)?？臻g土壤多樣性與景觀動(dòng)態(tài)變化的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)對(duì)于這項(xiàng)投資成功來(lái)說(shuō)是根本性的關(guān)鍵。土壤學(xué)作為土壤科學(xué)的一個(gè)獨(dú)特的分支學(xué)科，所作出的貢獻(xiàn)可與地球科學(xué)相當(dāng)，包括，例如澄清地道域的可變性、表層風(fēng)化過(guò)程、地球系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)和滲流區(qū)的流向與運(yùn)輸過(guò)程。伴隨著生物地球科學(xué)盛況，水文土壤學(xué)是在這個(gè)多學(xué)科、跨學(xué)科時(shí)代及時(shí)增加的學(xué)科，系統(tǒng)方法用于發(fā)展科學(xué)的綜合性?xún)?yōu)先級(jí)以及應(yīng)用在地球科學(xué)上。相比于其他生物和地理科學(xué)，水文土壤學(xué)今年三月份在處理全球性地球科學(xué)的優(yōu)先次序方面有一個(gè)利基。土壤科學(xué)家支持改變模式并且青睞于與生物和地理科學(xué)社會(huì)的更密切聯(lián)系。在這方面，水文土壤學(xué)發(fā)揮獨(dú)特的作用。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵帶區(qū)域；地球科學(xué)；土壤圈；水文土壤學(xué)；土壤學(xué)；土壤結(jié)構(gòu)；土壤功能1、簡(jiǎn)介土壤是位于地球陸地表層提供生命支持的寶貴的、多樣和脆弱的自然資源。雖然它眾所周知的的作用是提供養(yǎng)分和水分來(lái)維持農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，土壤資源也同樣有一些基本的功能，如廢物處置、地下水補(bǔ)給、影響氣候和作為工程建筑、制造業(yè)的原材料。通常來(lái)說(shuō)，這種具有生物活性、結(jié)構(gòu)多孔的介質(zhì)就是所謂的土壤圈，具有調(diào)解土層中的大部分生物地球物理和化學(xué)的之間的相互作用，還有地表水和地下水的平衡問(wèn)題，更甚參與大氣層的調(diào)節(jié)。例如有機(jī)碳可以通過(guò)土壤返還給大氣層，大氣中約25％含量的二氧化碳來(lái)自土壤層中的生物氧化反應(yīng)，其中包含了從大氣中吸收的兩倍多的碳和比所有植被高達(dá)三倍的的碳（NRC，2001；DREES等，2001；拉爾，2001年，2004年）。土壤同時(shí)對(duì)水文循環(huán)也有重大影響。大多數(shù)人使用的水來(lái)自地下水、溪流與湖泊，不管其來(lái)源途徑，水的質(zhì)量和數(shù)量在很大程度上是由它通過(guò)的土壤的性質(zhì)來(lái)決定的。在大多數(shù)國(guó)家，土壤科學(xué)領(lǐng)域主要作為農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品研究開(kāi)發(fā)的副產(chǎn)品。在美3行為以及進(jìn)程。它包括土壤質(zhì)量、分布、范圍、空間的多樣性和利用，還有土壤景觀結(jié)構(gòu)從微觀到宏觀上的管理，但是也不僅僅限于這些（SUMNER，2000年）。它還涉及到生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的可再生自然資源或著人類(lèi)改造后的土壤的緩慢恢復(fù)。土圖1關(guān)于地球關(guān)鍵帶與土壤圈的示意圖土壤圈是地球表面一層很薄的土壤，如一個(gè)復(fù)合土工膜跨過(guò)水與溶質(zhì)以及能源、氣體、固體與生物體，主動(dòng)與大氣、生物圈、水圈和巖石圈進(jìn)行交換，去創(chuàng)造一個(gè)維持生命的環(huán)境。土壤與水的相互作用為生物與非生物之間創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)界面，因此它決定了地球系統(tǒng)與它關(guān)鍵帶的狀態(tài)（圖形未按比例繪制）（在LIN之后修飾，2005）。壤學(xué)認(rèn)為那些近地表的過(guò)程決定了土壤圈與演化、環(huán)境地球化學(xué)和生物體的棲息地聯(lián)系的質(zhì)量與功能。它為地球系統(tǒng)的各個(gè)系統(tǒng)的組合提供了幫助工具，以便了解時(shí)間和空間多樣性的成因與后果，和提供一個(gè)更加全面的方法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的有效的動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程。這門(mén)科學(xué)的目前范圍應(yīng)該是多方面的，分別作為農(nóng)藝學(xué)、環(huán)境學(xué)、生態(tài)學(xué)以及作為一個(gè)生物和地球科學(xué)。這后來(lái)的機(jī)遇對(duì)土壤科學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)，它不能很好被把握，而且地球科學(xué)的社會(huì)人士通常對(duì)它的了解不多。土壤科學(xué)是生物和地球科學(xué)的合作伙伴，為土壤圈和關(guān)鍵帶新的增長(zhǎng)潛力的調(diào)查提供主要途徑。水文土壤學(xué)是土壤科學(xué)和水文學(xué)的交叉學(xué)科，涵蓋多學(xué)科與多尺度，用來(lái)研究地球關(guān)鍵帶的土壤學(xué)和水文學(xué)互動(dòng)的過(guò)程LIN,2003。它也可以被視為土壤科學(xué)和地球科學(xué)的一個(gè)分支學(xué)科，用來(lái)調(diào)查景觀設(shè)置中成土過(guò)程與空間多樣性通過(guò)土壤圈的氣體和液體流量。LIN等（2005）最近對(duì)一個(gè)水文土壤學(xué)在生物和地球科學(xué)的多尺度及其與對(duì)地球關(guān)鍵帶的綜合性研究方面的銜接中扮演的

簡(jiǎn)介：中文中文2563字附英文翻譯附英文翻譯英文原文英文原文EFFECTSOFMINERALFILLERSONPOLYSTYRENEMELTPROCESSINGJLOU?,VHARINATHABSTRACTTHERECYCLINGOFTHERMOPLASTICSCONTAININGMINERALFILLERSREPRESENTSGREATTECHNOLOGICALCHALLENGESINTHEWASTEMANAGEMENTINTHEPLASTICSINDUSTRYSEVERALMINERALFILLEDPOLYSTYRENESAMPLESWEREPREPAREDANDTHEIRMORPHOLOGICALANDMELTPROCESSINGPROPERTIESWERESTUDIEDWITHRESPECTTOTHEPROCESSINGCONDITIONSANDMINERALLOADINGSTHERESULTSSHOULDPROVIDEINSIGHTSTHATARENEEDEDTOSOLVECOMPLEXISSUESENCOUNTEREDINTHEINDUSTRYDEALINGWITHTHERECYCLINGOFTHISIMPORTANTCLASSOFMATERIALS?2004ELSEVIERBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSMINERALFILLERSPOLYMERPROCESSINGMELTVISCOSITY1INTRODUCTIONTHECOMPOUNDINGANDINCLUSIONOFPARTICULATEFILLERSINTHEPOLYMERSISARATHERCOMPLEXPROCESSTHEPROCESSINGOFTHESEMATERIALSISSTRONGLYDEPENDENTONTHEPARTICLE–PARTICLEANDPARTICLE–POLYMERINTERACTIONSINRECENTYEARSCONSIDERABLERESEARCHEFFORTSHAVEBEENMADETOWARDMOREFUNDAMENTALUNDERSTANDINGOFTHERHEOLOGICALBEHAVIOROFHIGHLYFILLEDPOLYMERICMATERIALSYSTEMSWHILEMINERALFILLERSAREWIDELYUSEDINTHERMOPLASTICSASWAYSTOPRODUCECOSTEFFECTIVE,STRONG,ANDENERGYEFFICIENTMATERIALS,THEYARETHESOURCEOFMANYPROBLEMSINWASTEMANAGEMENTWHENTHESEMATERIALSENTERTHEWASTESTREAMAFTERTHEIRINTENDEDENDUSESTHEPOLYMERSARENOTREADILYBROKENDOWNBYTHENATURALELEMENTSINTHEENVIRONMENTORINWASTEMANAGEMENTINFRASTRUCTURESSUCHASCOMPOSTINGTOBECOMEAPARTOFTHEBIOLOGICALCARBONCYCLEOFOURECOSYSTEMTHISRESULTSINANIRREVERSIBLEBUILDUPOFTHESEMATERIALSINTHEENVIRONMENT,CAUSINGSCARRINGOFLANDSCAPES,FOULINGOFBEACHES,ANDASERIOUSHAZARDTOMARINELIFESINCEMOSTOFTHESEPLASTICSARENOTFIG1VISCOSITYASAFUNCTIONOFSHEARRATEFORPOLYSTYRENEATVARIOUSFILLERVOLUMEFRACTIONSAT190?CINPRACTICEBECAUSETHEREISNOESTABLISHEDWAYSTOPREDICTTHECOEFFICIENTSOFHIGHERORDERTERMSSMALLSUBMICRONFILLERSAREOFTENSTRONGLYINTERACTINGPARTICLESHOWEVER,THEIRABILITYTOINTERACTSHOULDRATHERBEDEFINEDBYTHEIRSURFACEPROPERTIESWITHRESPECTTOTHEMATRIXCHEMISTRY3WHENPOLYMER–FILLERINTERACTIONISSTRONG,ANADSORBEDPOLYMERLAYERMAYBEFORMEDONTHEFILLERSURFACEINTHISCASE,ATTHESAMELEVELOFVOLUMEFRACTIONASINNONINTERACTINGPARTICLES,THEINTERACTIONSWILLINDUCEAMUCHLARGERSTRESSINTHEMATRIXOFTHECOMPOSITEANDTHEREFOREINDUCEAMUCHLARGERREINFORCINGEFFECTTHISISTHEREASONWHYTHEREISAGREATINTERESTININCORPORATINGSMALLSCALEMINERALPARTICLESINTOPOLYMERCOMPOSITESSUCHASTHESOCALLEDNANOCOMPOSITEALTHOUGHTHECAUSESOFTHEMAXIMUMVOLUMECONCENTRATIONREMAINTOBEDEBATABLE,THISCHARACTERISTICCANBEOBTAINEDEXPERIMENTALLYIFTHEPROCESSINGPROPERTIESEXHIBITDISCONTINUOUSTRANSITIONOVERTHEVOLUMECONCENTRATIONVARIOUSCONCENTRATIONREGIMESFORTHEPROPERTIESOFPOLYMER–MINERALSYSTEMSHAVEBEENDEFINEDACCORDINGTOTHEVOLUMEFRACTION,SUCHASDILUTE,SEMIDILUTE,CONCENTRATEDANDHIGHLYCONCENTRATED4INDILUTESUSPENSIONS,FILLERPARTICLESAREAPARTFROMONEANOTHERATSUFFICIENTDISTANCESTHEFILLER–FILLERINTERACTIONSCANBENEGLECTEDINTHISCASE,ONLYHYDRODYNAMICFORCESGIVERISETOTHEPROPERTIESINTHECASEOFSMALLPARTICLESANDLOWVISCOSITYMATRIX,THESEFORCESARISEMAINLYFROM

簡(jiǎn)介：MENTALHEALTHACKNOWLEDGMENTSAREINORDERFORTHEMANYFACULTYANDFAMILYMEMBERSWHOHAVEPROVIDEDSUPPORT,GUIDANCE,ANDENCOURAGEMENTTHROUGHOUTTHISPROCESSIAMAPPRECIATIVEOFTHEHELPTHATEACHPERSONHASGIVENIWISHTOTHANKTHOSEFACULTYMEMBERSWHOEACHCONTRIBUTEDTOMYINCREASEDUNDERSTANDINGOFTHISPROCESS,THESUBJECTMATTER,ANDTHEIMPORTANCEOFRIGOROUSRESEARCHIAMESPECIALLYTHANKFULFORTHECONSISTENTSUPPORTANDGUIDANCEFROMMYADVISOR,DAWNANDERSONBUTCHERSHESPENTMANYHOURSSTEERINGMYEFFORTSANDPROVIDINGMEQUALITYFEEDBACKTHATALWAYSALLOWEDMETOTHINKCRITICALLYANDPUSHMYSELFFURTHERTHANIEVERIMAGINEDIWOULDALSOLIKETOTHANKTAMARADAVISFORHERENCOURAGEMENT,ENTHUSIASM,ANDONGOINGSUPPORTFORNOTONLYTHISTHESISBUTFORMYPROFESSIONALDEVELOPMENTASWELLADDITIONALLY,THANKSAREINORDERTOJERRYBEANFORHISALWAYSREFRESHINGPERSPECTIVESANDSOLIDTECHNICALSUPPORTIWOULDALSOLIKETOTHANKTONYAMOROSEFORSTEPPINGINTOPROVIDEEVENFURTHERASSISTANCEANDCONTRIBUTINGGREATLYTOMYUNDERSTANDINGOFDATAANALYSISFINALLY,MANYTHANKSGOTOMYFAMILYWHOHASPROVIDEDENDLESSSUPPORTFROMBEGINNINGTOENDMYMOTHER,SHOLEHMESBAH,ANDSTEPFATHER,WILLIAMSTONE,HAVEDEMONSTRATEDTHEIRLOVEFORMEBYANSWERINGTHEPHONEATALLHOURS,ALLOWINGMETOTALKTHROUGHALLFRUSTRATIONS,ANDENCOURAGINGMETOKEEPMOVINGFORWARDALSO,MYFATHER,MARKBALL,ANDSTEPMOTHER,NILSARAMIREZ,CONSISTENTLYKEPTMEGROUNDEDBYREMINDINGMETHAT,THESISORNOT,EVERYDAYLIFECONTINUESLASTBUTNOTLEAST,IWOULDLIKETOTHANKMYSISTER,AMANDABALLHEROPTIMISM,SUPPORT,ANDLOVEWEREUNWAVERINGACCORDINGTOTHEMOSTRECENTSURGEONGENERAL’SREPORTONMENTALHEALTH,9TO13PERCENTOFALLUSCHILDRENANDADOLESCENTSHAVESERIOUSEMOTIONALDISTURBANCESMOREOVER,21PERCENTOFUSCHILDRENHAVEDIAGNOSABLEMENTALORADDICTIVEDISORDERSUNFORTUNATELY,MOSTOFTHESE“DEFACTOMENTALHEALTHCARESYSTEMFORCHILDREN”INSPITEOFTHISDEFACTOSYSTEM,CHILDREN’SMENTALHEALTHNEEDSREMAINUNMETASARESULT,SCHOOLSAREBEGINNINGTOSEETHERAMIFICATIONSOFTHESEUNMETNEEDSASTHEYPERTAINTOPOORACADEMICACHIEVEMENTAMONGSTUDENTSESSENTIALLY,SCHOOLSHAVEBEENUNABLETOFULLYADDRESSSTUDENTS’MENTALHEALTHNEEDSTHROUGHTRADITIONALPRACTICESANDTRADITIONALMEANSANATIONALSURVEYOFSCHOOLMENTALHEALTHSERVICESRECENTLYREPORTEDTHAT,GENERALLY,FUNDINGFORSCHOOLMENTALHEALTHHASDECREASEDINTHEPAST5YEARSWHILEDEMANDFORSERVICESHASINCREASEDINMOSTDISTRICTSADDITIONALLY,DISTRICTSALSOREPORTEDTHATREFERRALSTOCOMMUNITYBASEDMENTALHEALTHPROVIDERSHAVEINCREASEDBUTTHEAVAILABILITYOFTHESEPRACTITIONERSTOPROVIDESERVICESHASDECREASEDASSTUDENTACADEMICSUCCESSISCLOSELYTIEDTOSOCIALEMOTIONALWELLBEING,SCHOOLCHANGEEFFORTSMUSTBEGINTOADDRESSTHESENEEDSIFTHEYARETOMEETTHEIRACCOUNTABILITIESDOINGSOREQUIRESSCHOOLSTOCONSIDERNEWMODELSOFSCHOOLIMPROVEMENTTHATINCLUDESOCIALEMOTIONALDEVELOPMENTALONGWITHTRADITIONALSTANDARDSBASEDACCOUNTABILITIESTOMEETTHENEEDSOFCHILDRENTODAYANDTOIMPROVEACADEMICOUTCOMESFORALLCHILDREN,ITISIMPERATIVETHATSCHOOLSUTILIZENEWMODELSOFSCHOOLIMPROVEMENTTHATINCLUDEEFFECTIVEMETHODSTOADDRESSMENTALHEALTHNEEDSTHISPROCESS,HOWEVER,WILLINVOLVEACULTURALSHIFTINEDUCATIONALSYSTEMSTHATHAVEHISTORICALLYFOCUSEDONTRADITIONALFORMSOFSCHOOLIMPROVEMENTMOSTTRADITIONALSCHOOLIMPROVEMENTOFTENFOCUSESON“WALLEDINAPPROACHES”SUCHASENHANCEDCURRICULUMALIGNMENT,IMPROVEDINSTRUCTIONALMETHODS,ANDSTANDARDSBASEDACCOUNTABILITIESINADDITION,MOSTCURRENTSCHOOLIMPROVEMENTMODELSARENARROWLYFOCUSEDONRESULTORIENTEDIMPROVEMENTSININSTRUCTIONANDBEHAVIORMANAGEMENTRATHERTHANONSYSTEMWIDEEFFORTSTOADDRESSBARRIERSTOLEARNINGASARESULT,THESEMODELSOFTENMARGINALIZEPROGRAMS,SERVICES,ANDSYSTEMSTHATADDRESSMENTALHEALTHCENTEREDLEARNINGSUPPORTS,RESULTINGINFRAGMENTED

簡(jiǎn)介：英文原文MODELINGANDOPTIMIZATIONOFEFFICIENCYANDNOXEMISSIONATACOAL一FIREDUTILITYBOILERHUANZHAO,PEIBONGWANGSCHOOLOFENERGYANDENVIRONMENT,SOUTHEASTUNIVERSITY,NANJINGJIANGSU,CHINAZHAOHUAN198213163COM,PHWANGSCUCDUCNABSTRACTINORDERTOIMPROVEBOILEREFFICIENCYANDTOREDUCETHENOXEMISSIONOFACOALFIREDUTILITYBOILERUSINGCOMBUSTIONOPTIMIZATION,AHYBRIDMODEL,BYCOMBININGSUPPORTVECTORREGRESSIONSVRWITHSIMPLIFIEDBOILEREFFICIENCYMODEL,WASPROPOSEDTOEXPRESSTHERELATIONBETWEENOPERATIONALPARAMETERSOFTHEUTILITYBOILERANDBOTHNOXEMISSIONANDBOILEREFFICIENCYSVRPARAMETERSWEREDETERMINEDBYTHEGRIDSEARCHMETHODAND5FOLDCROSSVALIDATIONMETHODTHEPREDICTEDNOXEMISSIONANDBOILEREFFICIENCYFROMTHEHYBRIDMODEL,COMPAREDWITHTHATOFTHEBPNNBASEDHYBRIDMODEL,SHOWSBETTERAGREEMENTWITHTHEMEASUREDTHEN,BASEDONTHEHYBRIDMODEL,THEMODIFIEDCENTERPARTICLESWARMOPTIMIZATIONCENTERPSOWASEMPLOYEDTOOPTIMIZETHETWOOBJECTIVES,THEONEISMINIMIZATIONOFNOXEMISSIONANDMAXIMIZATIONOFBOILEREFFICIENCYANDTHEOTHERONEISMAXIMIZATIONOFBOILEREFFICIENCYUNDERNOXEMISSIONCONSTRAINTTHEOPTIMIZEDRESULTSINDICATETHATTHEPROPOSEDMETHODCANEFFECTIVELYCONTROLNOXEMISSIONANDIMPROVEBOILEREFFICIENCYKEYWORDSNOXBOILEREFFICIENCYCOMBUSTIONOPTIMIZATIONSVRCENTERPSOIINTRODUCTIONBECAUSEOFTHEHARMFULEFFECTSONENVIRONMENTANDHUMANHEALTH,NITROGENOXIDESNOXEMISSIONS,PRODUCEDBYCOMBUSTORSANDENGINES,HAVEBEENTHESUBJECTOFRESTRICTIVEREGULATIONSINMANYCOUNTRIESINRECENTLYYEARS1FORINSTANCE,INTHEPEOPLE’SREPUBLICOFCHINA,THECURRENTNOXEMISSIONLIMITFORDRYBOTTOMBOILERSWITHACAPACITYOF300MWANDLARGERIS650MG/NM3AT6VOLO2DRY,ANDITWILLDECREASEINTHEFUTURE2ASACONSEQUENCE,THECONTROLOFNOXEMISSIONISWIDELYCONCERNASTHEUTILIZATIONOFFOSSILFUELSCONTINUESTOINCREASE,ESPECIALLYINCOALFIREDPOWERPLANTSRECENTLY,COMBUSTIONOPTIMIZATIONHASBEENPROVEDTOBEANEFFECTIVEWAYTOREALIZELOWNOXCOMBUSTIONINCOALFIREDUTILITYSETTING28INVIEWOFONLINEPLANTDATAFROMDISTRIBUTEDCONTROLSYSTEMDCSANDCONTINUOUSEMISSIONSMONITORINGSYSTEMCEMS,THERELATIONBETWEENNOXEMISSIONSANDVARIOUSOPERATIONALPARAMETERSOFTHEBOILERISMODELEDUSINGARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCESUCHASNEURALNETWORK,EXPERTSYSTEM,FUZZYLOGIC,GENERALIZEDREGRESSIONANDSUPPORTVECTORBSUPPORTVECTORREGRESSIONSUPPORTVECTORREGRESSIONSVRHASBEENUSEDTOSOLVEANONLINEARREGRESSIONESTIMATIONPROBLEMBYINTRODUCINGTHEALTERNATIVELOSSFUNCTIONITSBASICIDEAISTOMAPTHEINPUTDATAXINTOAHIGHDIMENSIONALFEATURESPACEFBYNONLINEARMAPPING,TOYIELDANDSOLVEALINEARREGRESSIONPROBLEMINTHISFEATURESPACEBYTHISMETHOD,THEUNKNOWNFUNCTIONWITHATOLERANCEEPSILONBANDBETWEENINPUTSANDOUTPUTCANBEOBTAINEDCONSIDERINGTHECOMPLETESVRTHEORYANDEQUATIONS,PLEASEREFERTO13CHYBRIDMODELFORNOXEMISSIONANDBOILEREFFICIENCYTHEPREDICTIONPROCESSOFNOXEMISSIONANDBOILEREFFICIENCYBYSVRANDANALYTICALMODELISSCHEMATICALLYSHOWNINFIG1INHYBRIDMODEL,THREESVRMODELSHAVING30INPUTSINTHEVIEWOFPHYSICALANALYSISWEREEMPLOYEDTOMODELTHERELATIONSHIPSBETWEENOPERATIONALPARAMETERSANDCOMBUSTIONPRODUCTSSUCHASNOXEMISSION,UNBURNEDCARBONANDOXYGENCONTENTINFLUEGASTHESEINPUTSWERETHETOTALAIRFLOWRATE,SIXELEVATIONSOFSECONDARYAIROPENINGVALUE,TWOOFADAMPEROPENINGVALUES,WINDBOXPRESSUREMEASURINGPOINT,FIVECOALFEEDERSOPENINGVALUE,FIVEAIR

簡(jiǎn)介：畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）外文翻譯題目電氣工程畢業(yè)生使用MATLAB最優(yōu)控制的過(guò)程系部名稱(chēng)系部名稱(chēng)專(zhuān)業(yè)班級(jí)專(zhuān)業(yè)班級(jí)學(xué)生姓名學(xué)生姓名學(xué)號(hào)號(hào)指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)教師教師職稱(chēng)教師職稱(chēng)講師20年月日使用這些程序設(shè)計(jì)包的三個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是使用這些程序設(shè)計(jì)包計(jì)算機(jī)容易受影響，而且還要求學(xué)生或者老師學(xué)會(huì)如何使用這些計(jì)算機(jī)輔助程序設(shè)計(jì)包，并保證這些包括基準(zhǔn)線(xiàn)課程的設(shè)計(jì)包作為必修課程的一部分，更多詳細(xì)關(guān)于它的缺點(diǎn)的討論可以參閱我們前部分章節(jié)的內(nèi)容。賓州法尼亞大學(xué)大峽谷分校的最有控制系統(tǒng)賓州法尼亞大學(xué)大峽谷校園是賓州法尼亞大學(xué)十八個(gè)校園的其中之一，是在費(fèi)城區(qū)域的一個(gè)研究生中心，工程師們?cè)谀抢锕ぷ鱽?lái)滿(mǎn)足教育的需求，利用各種各樣的仿真設(shè)計(jì)包幾乎所有的學(xué)生都變成了工程師。這些課程的目的是讓學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)工具參數(shù)化，動(dòng)態(tài)最優(yōu)化，并且用于設(shè)計(jì)表現(xiàn)最好的動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)。非線(xiàn)性系統(tǒng)課程包含下面的課題1、靜態(tài)最佳化2、離散系統(tǒng)的時(shí)間最優(yōu)控制21線(xiàn)性二次調(diào)節(jié)器22次優(yōu)反饋的穩(wěn)態(tài)閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)23跟蹤問(wèn)題24最終狀態(tài)固定的調(diào)節(jié)閥與功能3、最優(yōu)控制的連續(xù)系統(tǒng)31線(xiàn)性二次調(diào)節(jié)器32次優(yōu)反饋的穩(wěn)態(tài)閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)33跟蹤問(wèn)題34最終狀態(tài)固定的調(diào)節(jié)閥與功能35最終時(shí)間釋放問(wèn)題36約束輸入問(wèn)題4、動(dòng)態(tài)規(guī)劃41離散時(shí)間學(xué)生每周的作業(yè)包括計(jì)算機(jī)的仿真和使用，考試部分也包括用計(jì)算機(jī)仿真的作業(yè)，學(xué)生可以使用學(xué)生版本的MATLAB。阿肯色州大學(xué)最優(yōu)控制系統(tǒng)本課程提供給本科生和研究所的學(xué)生，讓他們?yōu)檠芯拷?jīng)典的狀態(tài)空間控制技術(shù)做好充分準(zhǔn)備。這些課程的目的是讓學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)工具參數(shù)化，動(dòng)態(tài)最優(yōu)化，而且用于設(shè)計(jì)最好的動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)。為實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，作者（EYAZ）從1986年開(kāi)始更新課程，從而下面

簡(jiǎn)介：畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）外文翻譯畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）外文翻譯題目農(nóng)村零售終端連鎖經(jīng)營(yíng)模式研究一、外文原文標(biāo)題ACOMPARISONOFFRANCHISEANDINDEPENDENTSMALLBUSINESSSURVIVALRATES原文ABSTRACTASPIRINGENTREPRENEURSCHOOSINGTOBECOMEFRANCHISEESCERTAINLYEXPECTTOIMPROVETHEIRCHANCESOFSURVIVALDURINGTHETURBULENTEARLYYEARSOFBUSINESSSTARTUPANDOPERATIONALIGNMENTWITHAFRANCHISORPARENTCOMPANYOFFERSTHEFRANCHISEEMANAGERIALASSISTANCE,ACCESSTOFINANCIALCAPITAL,ANDACCESSTOMARKETSVIATHERIGHTTOUTILIZETHEPARENTCOMPANYTRADEMARKTHISSTUDYEXAMINESSURVIVALPATTERNSAMONGFRANCHISEANDNONFRANCHISESMALLFIRMSSTARTEDBETWEEN1984AND1987SURVIVALTHROUGHLATE1991ISTRACKEDFORALLFIRMSALTHOUGHTHEFRANCHISEOPERATIONSARELARGERSCALE,BETTERCAPITALIZEDYOUNGFIRMS,THEINDEPENDENTBUSINESSSTARTUPSAREFOUNDTOBEMOREPROFITABLEANDTHEIRSURVIVALPROSPECTSAREBETTERTHANTHOSEOFFRANCHISESAINTRODUCTIONPERSONSENTERINGSELFEMPLOYMENTBYBECOMINGFRANCHISEESCOMMONLYBELIEVETHATTHEIRCHANCESOFSURVIVINGTHOSEEARLYTURBULENTYEARSOFSMALLBUSINESSOPERATIONSAREENHANCEDBYTHEIRDECISIONTOALIGNWITHAFRANCHISORPARENTCOMPANYTHEFRANCHISEISASAFEBET,ACCORDINGTOTHECONVENTIONALWISDOMITISTIMETORECONSIDERTHISWISDOMANATIONWIDESURVEYOFSELFEMPLOYEDPERSONSACTIVEINSMALLBUSINESSIN1987SERVESASTHEDATABASEANALYZEDINTHISSTUDYASAMPLEOF20,554YOUNGFIRMSDRAWNFROMTHEUSBUREAUOFTHECENSUSCHARACTERISTICSOFBUSINESSOWNERSDATABASEISUTILIZED,ANDALLOFTHESEFIRMSWERESURVEYEDINLATE1991TODETERMINEFIRMSURVIVALRATESBYLATE1991,347PERCENTOFTHEFRANCHISEESAND280PERCENTOFTHENONFRANCHISEYOUNGFIRMSACTIVEIN1987HADDISCONTINUEDOPERATIONSFURTHERINDEPENDENTBUSINESSVSFRANCHISEECOMPARISONSREVEALTHATTHEYOUNGFIRMSSTARTEDWITHOUTTHEBENEFITOFAPARENTFRANCHISORWERESIGNIFICANTLYMOREPROFITABLETHANTHEFRANCHISEFIRMSINSHORT,THEFRANCHISEROUTETOSELFEMPLOYMENTISASSOCIATEDWITHHIGHERBUSINESSFAILURERATESANDLOWERPROFITSTHANINDEPENDENTBUSINESSOWNERSHIPINDEPENDENTFIRMSSUCHPROMOTIONALBUSINESSFAILURERATEFIGURESCITETHE“USDEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCE“ASTHEIRSOURCEINFACT,THEUSDEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCEHAS,UNTILRECENTLY,CONDUCTEDANNUALSSURVEYSOFFRANCHISORSANDPUBLISHEDTHERESULTSINBIENNIALREPORTS,FRANCHISINGINTHEECONOMYACCORDINGTOTHESTAFFOFTHEUSHOUSEOFREPRESENTATIVESCOMMITTEEONSMALLBUSINESS,HOWEVER,ACOMPREHENSIVEREVIEWOFTHEFRANCHISINGINTHEECONOMYREPORTS“FAILSTOSHOWANYFIGURESPROVIDINGCOMPARABLEFAILUREORSUCCESSRATESFORFRANCHISESORFRANCHISEESONTHECONTRARY,THEREPORTSNOTESPECIFICALLYTHATTHENUMBEROFFAILURESISUNKNOWNFRANCHISINGINTHEECONOMY,1988,“MYOWNREVIEWOFAPPLICABLEUSDEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCEPUBLICATIONSREVEALSNOSTUDIESORSTATISTICSCAPABLEOFSUPPORTINGCOMPARATIVESURVIVALRATESFORNEWFRANCHISEVERSUSINDEPENDENTBUSINESSSTARTUPSCLAIMSTHATFRANCHISESTARTUPSHAVEVASTLYHIGHERSURVIVALRATESTHANINDEPENDENTBUSINESSSTARTUPSCANNOTBESUPPORTEDBYPUBLISHEDUSDEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCESTUDIESOFSMALLBUSINESSTHUS,CLAIMSABOUTFRANCHISERATESOFSURVIVALHAVEOFTENTENDEDTOEXTREMESTHEPURPOSEOFTHISSTUDYISTORAISETHEDEBATETOAHIGHERPLAINTHEPRESENCEOFTHECBODATABASEMAKESITPOSSIBLEFORISSUESOFFRANCHISEESURVIVALTOBEANALYZEDINOBJECTIVE,COMPREHENSIVEWAYSTHECBOOVERSAMPLESMINORITYANDWOMENBUSINESSOWNERS,ANDITOVERSAMPLESTHELARGERSCALESMALLBUSINESSESTHATUTILIZEPAIDEMPLOYEESOFTHEROUGHLY90,000SMALLBUSINESSESSURVEYEDTOCREATETHECBODATABASE,OVER70PERCENTRESPONDEDALLOFTHEREPORTEDSTATISTICSINTHISSTUDYAREWEIGHTEDTOADJUSTFORBOTHSURVEYNONRESPONSIVE,ANDTHECENSUSBUREAUSNONRANDOMSAMPLINGINTHECREATIONOFTHECBOTHEFIRMSDESCRIBEDINTHISSTUDYARETHEREFOREREPRESENTATIVEOFYOUNGFIRMSTHATGROSSEDATLEAST5000INTOTALREVENUESIN1987THISSTUDYCOVERSONLYFIRMSFORMEDOVERTHE19841987PERIODANDTHEUNITOFANALYSISISFIRMS,NOTPERSONSTHUS,THEUNIVERSEOFFIRMSCOVEREDINTHISSTUDYIS4,005,561SMALLBUSINESSESADESCRIPTIONOFTHECBOSAMPLEOFYOUNGFIRMSANALYZEDINTHEFOLLOWINGPAGESAPPEARSINTHEAPPENDIXOFTHISSTUDYTHESAMPLEOFFRANCHISEFIRMSANALYZEDHERE’SNOTIDENTICALWITHTHEUNIVERSEOFFRANCHISEUNITSOPENEDBETWEEN1984AND1987FORSEVERALREASONSFIRST,SOMEFRANCHISEUNITSAREOWNEDBYTHEFRANCHISORSECOND,SOMENEWFRANCHISEUNITSAREOWNEDBYMULTIUNIT