簡(jiǎn)介:2018年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料總匯一、名詞一、名詞的數(shù)1.單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。復(fù)數(shù)形式通常是在單數(shù)形式后加詞尾“S”構(gòu)成,其主要變法如下(1)一般情況在詞尾加S,例如BOOK→BOOKS,GIRL→GIRLS,BOY→BOYS,PEN→PENS,DOCTOR→DOCTORS,BOY→BOYS。(2)以S,X,CH,SH,結(jié)尾的詞加ES,例如BUS→BUSES,CLASS→CLASSES,BOX→BOXES,WATCH→WATCHES,BRUSH→BRUSHES。(3)以CE,SE,ZE,(D)GE結(jié)尾的名詞加S,例如ORANGEORANGES。(4)以輔音母加Y結(jié)尾的詞變“Y”為“I”再加ES,例如CITY→CITIES,FACTORY→FACTORIES,COUNTRY→COUNTRIES,FAMILY→FAMILIES。但要注意的是以元音字母加Y結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加S,如BOY→BOYS,DAY→DAYS。(5)以O(shè)結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)都加ES。例如HERO→HEROES,POTATO→POTATOES,TOMATO→TOMATOES,但詞末為兩個(gè)元音字母的詞只加S。例如ZOO→ZOOS,RADIO→RADIOS,還有某些外來(lái)詞也只加S,例如PHOTO→PHOTOS,PIANO→PIANOS。(6)以F或FE結(jié)尾的詞,多數(shù)變F為V再加ES,例如KNIFE→KNIVES,LEAF→LEAVES,HALF→HALVES。復(fù)數(shù)詞尾S(或ES)的讀音方法如下表所示。復(fù)數(shù)詞尾S(或ES)的讀音方法情況讀法例詞在PTKF等清輔音后SCUPS,HATS,CAKES在SZTF等音后IZGLASSES,PAGES,ORANGES,BUSES,WATCHES,FACES在BDV等濁輔音后ZBEDS,DOGS,CITIES,KNIVES(7)少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式,例如MAN→MEN,WOMAN→WOMEN,TOOTH→TEETH,F(xiàn)OOT→FEET,CHILD→CHILDREN,MOUSE→MICE?!咀⒁狻颗cMAN和WOMAN構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是MEN和WOMEN。例如ANENGLISHMAN,TWOENGLISHMEN。但GERMAN不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為GERMANS;MAN,WOMAN等作定語(yǔ)時(shí),它的單復(fù)數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定,如MENWORKERS,WOMENTEACHERS。有個(gè)別名詞單復(fù)數(shù)一樣,例如CHINESE,JAPANESE,SHEEP,DEER,F(xiàn)ISH等。但當(dāng)FISH表示不同種類(lèi)的魚(yú)時(shí),可以加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。(8)單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有PEOPLE,POLICE等。(9)數(shù)詞名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式,中間加連字符。例如TENMINUTES’WALK,AN8YEAROLDGIRL,ATENMILEWALK。(10)還有些名詞僅有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如TROUSERS,CLOTHES,CHOPSTICKS,GLASSES,GOODS,ASHES,SCISSORS,COMPASSES。1形容詞在句中作定語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如OURCOUNTRYISABEAUTIFULCOUNTRY(作定語(yǔ))THEFISHWENTBAD(作表語(yǔ))WEKEEPOURCLASSROOMCLEANANDTIDY(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))2形容詞修飾SOMETHING,ANYTHING,NOTHING,EVERYTHING等不定代詞時(shí),形容詞放在名詞后面。IHAVESOMETHINGIMPORTANTTOTELLYOUISTHEREANYTHINGINTERESTINGINTHEFILM3用AND或OR連接起來(lái)的兩個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般把它們放在被修飾的名詞后面。起進(jìn)一步解釋的作用。EVERYBODY,MANANDWOMAN,OLDANDYOUNG,SHOULDATTENDTHEMEETINGYOUCANTAKEANYBOXAWAY,BIGORSMALL4THE+形容詞表示一類(lèi)人或物THERICHSHOULDHELPTHEPOOR2副詞的用法副詞的用法1副詞在句中可作狀語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。HESTUDIESVERYHARD(作狀語(yǔ))LIFEHEREISFULLOFJOY(作定語(yǔ))WHENWILLYOUBEBACK(作表語(yǔ))副詞按其用途和含義可分為下面五類(lèi)1時(shí)間副詞時(shí)間副詞通常用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作的時(shí)間。常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間副詞有NOWTODAY,TOMORROW,YESTERDAY,BEFORE,LATE,EARLY,NEVER,SELDOM,SOMETIMES,OFTEN,USUALLY,ALWAYS等。例如HEOFTENCOMESTOSCHOOLLATEWHATAREWEGOINGTODOTOMORROWHEISNEVERBEENTOBEIJING2地點(diǎn)副詞地點(diǎn)副詞通常用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。常見(jiàn)的地點(diǎn)副詞有HERE,THERE,INSIDE,OUTSIDE,HOME,UPSTAIRS,DOWNSTAIRS,ANYWHERE,EVERYWHERE,NOWHERE,SOMEWHERE,DOWN,UP,OFF,ON,IN,OUT等。例如IMETANOLDFRIENDOFMINEONMYWAYHOMEHEWENTUPSTAIRSPUTDOWNYOURNAMEHERE3方式副詞方式副詞一般都是回答“怎樣的”這類(lèi)問(wèn)題的,其中絕大部分都是由一個(gè)形容詞加詞尾LY構(gòu)成的,有少數(shù)方式副詞不帶詞尾LY,它們與形容詞同形。常見(jiàn)的方式副詞有ANXIOUSLY,BADLY,BRAVELY,CALMLY,CAREFULLY,PROUDLY,RAPIDLY,SUDDENLY,SUCCESSFULLY,ANGRILY,HAPPILY,SLOWLY,WARMLY,WELL,FAST,SLOW,QUICK,HARD,ALONE,HIGH,STRAIGHT,WIDE等。例如THEOLDMANWALKEDHOMESLOWLYPLEASELISTENTOTHETEACHERCAREFULLYTHEBIRDSAREFLYINGHIGH
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