簡介：分類號UDC碩士學(xué)位論文密級廣西中等職業(yè)教育資助問題研究于小淋論文答辯日期29望重S固2笪固，，、¨／、答辯委員會主席自在監(jiān)論文評閱人高壘叢盤塑廣西大學(xué)學(xué)位論文原創(chuàng)性和使用授權(quán)聲明本人聲明所呈交的論文，是本人在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下獨立進(jìn)行研究所取得的研究成果。除已特別加以標(biāo)注和致謝的地方外，論文不包含任何其他個人或集體已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫的研究成果，也不包含本人或他人為獲得廣西大學(xué)或其它單位的學(xué)位而使用過的材料。與我一同工作的同事對本論文的研究工作所做的貢獻(xiàn)均己在論文中作了明確說明。本人在導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)下所完成的學(xué)位論文及相關(guān)的職務(wù)作品，知識產(chǎn)權(quán)歸屬廣西大學(xué)。本人授權(quán)廣西大學(xué)擁有學(xué)位論文的部分使用權(quán)，即學(xué)校有權(quán)保存并向國家有關(guān)部門或機構(gòu)送交學(xué)位論文的復(fù)印件和電子版，允許論文被查閱和借閱，可以將學(xué)位論文的全部或部分內(nèi)容編入有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行檢索和傳播，可以采用影印、縮印或其它復(fù)制手段保存、匯編學(xué)位論文。本學(xué)位論文屬于口保密，在年解密后適用授權(quán)?？诓槐Ｃ?。請在以上相應(yīng)方框內(nèi)打“√”論文作者簽名指導(dǎo)教師簽名作者聯(lián)系電話日期日期≥口／Z、6、FR電子郵箱象凇翻小秒一T7P

簡介：山東大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文經(jīng)濟(jì)欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)高等職業(yè)技術(shù)教育發(fā)展問題研究以聊城為例姓名婁玉花申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師趙夢涵20071016山東大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文ABSTRACTASTHED“ELOPMENTOFOURCHINE辯MARKETSECONOMY，MAFKETSHAVEMORE卸DMOREEFF酏TONTHEHI曲ERVOCATIONAL鋤DTECLLNICALEDUCATIONTHEHIGHERVOCATIONAI卸DTECILILICALEDUCALIONISF缸INGNEWOPPONLLLLITIESAILDCLLALLENGESTHOU曲HAVINGMO陀卸DMOREMARKETDEM卸DS，THESIZCOFT11EHI曲ERVOCATIO眥LANDTECHNICAIEDUCATIONH邵SOMES|1RINL【SINTHEU11DERDEVELOPEDREGJ伽S，BECAUSEOFLESSINVESTM即T，POORSCHOOLCONDITIONS，LESSEXPERIMENTALA11DPRACTICAJSESSIOLL，A11DITA儂CTSTHEQUA“TYOFSTUDENTSINCENAINEXTENTUNDERTHENEWSITUATIONOFTHEREFOMLANDOPENIN舀IMPMVINGTHEMARKETECONOMYSY咖MANDTHEREFO硼OFTHEEDUCATION，IT’SWONHS“JDYINGHOWTHEHI曲ERVOCALIONAL鋤DTECLLNICALEDUCATIONTOSEIZCOPPONUNITIES，OVERCOMEDI伍CULTIES，MEETTHECHALLENGES，鋤DGOTOTHESUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMEMINU11DERDEVEIOPEDREGIONSTOMISEND，ACCORDINGT0TBERELEVANTINFOMLATION鋤DTHECU“舶TREALITY，THISPAPERLLASAMO∞INDEPTH肌ALYSISANDA唱UMENTATIONTOMISPMBLEMTHEFHLLPAPERISDIVIDCDINTOFOURPARTSTHCFIRSTPANISTHETHEOIY趴ALYSISABOUTDEVELOPINGTHEHIGH盯VOCATIONAL鋤DTECHNICALEDUCATIONINUNDERDEVELOPEDRCGIO璐，ANDTHISP8RTTELIST量LEMLATIO他砌伽GTHECONTENTOF11IGT幢RVOCATIONALANDTCCHNICAIEDUCATIOLL，F(xiàn)EATURES鸛、VELL鹋RE舀OMIECONOMICDEVELOPMENT，ANDEXPLAJNSTHJSVIEWTHATTI磚MARKETRLILES柚DBEHAVIORSHOULDENTERⅡ艟PMDICEOFHIGHERVOCATIOMLANDTCCLLNICALEDUCATIONTHCSECONDPANEXPLAI璐TLLES詛T吣。仆IGLLERVOCATIONAL柚DTECTLFLICALEDUCATBNINUNDERDEVELOPEDREGIO璐，徹DA11ALY乃翳TL_屺缸TORSWLLICHAMCTILS’DEVELOPMENTT“SPANA幻TELLSTTLATV0CALIOILALEDUCATIONISAWEAKLINKAILD明BAI徹CEDDEVELOPMENTESPCCIALLYIN岫DERDEVELOPEDREGIONS，BCCAU∞OF缸1DINGSHONAGEINVOCATIO刪COLLEGES，SCHOOLINGCONDITIOLL，TMININGMECHALLISMA11DTKSIZE，S拓L咖鵬，QTLAI時OFPERSONR蟛L砌面NGC鋤NOTMEETTHEMEDSOFSOCIAIDEVELOPMEM，WLLICHISMAINLYRENECTEDINTLLEEMOLLME鳴SCHOOLINGANDEMPLOYM州FROINT11EINACCU陸10CATIOLLINSUF右CIENTINVES仃11EMAND吼CLOSEDINTCGMTIONOFDEVELOPMEM，STILDY，RESEARCLL，THISPAFTANAIYZESTHE化ASO璐WLLICHAF‰TTHEDEVELOPMEMOFHIGH盯VOCATIOML觚D3

簡介：大連理工大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文我國高等職業(yè)教育人才培養(yǎng)模式探討姓名賈巖申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)管理工程指導(dǎo)教師龍連文20010301ABSTRACTTHEMINISTRYOFNATIONALEDUCATIONWHENMAKINGTHEACTIONTOVITALIZEEDUCATIONINTHE21STCENTURYPOINTSOUTTHATHIGHEREDUCATIONMUSTBEVIGOROUSLYANDSTEADILYDEVELOPED，ESPECIALLYTHEHIGHERVOCATIONALEDUCATIOILTHEHIGHERVOCATIONALEDUCATIONHVEOFCHINA，BASEDONTHELEVELOFHIGHSCHOOLEDUCATION，ISTOCULTIVATETHOSEAPPLICABLEANDPROFESSIONALPEOPLEWITHHIGHTECHNIQUETOMEETTHEFRONTLINENEEDSLIKEPRODUCING，CONSTRUCTING，MANAGINGANDSERVICINGTHUS，ITREQUIRESTHATHVEMUSTHAVETHECULTIVATIONFORMSINACCORDANCEWITHITSCULTIVATIONGOODTHROUGHRESEARCHINGINTOTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEIWEANDANALYZINGTHETYPEOFTALENTSANDTHETYPEOFCDUCAFION，THEAUTHORMAKESCLEARTHEHISTORICALCERTAINTYOFDEVELOPINGHVE，POINTSOUTTHATHVEISTHEMAINPARTOFHIGHEREDUCATIONANDTHEHI曲LEVELOFVOCATIONALEDUCATIONINORDERTQREACHTHEGOALOFCULTIVATINGTALENTSFORFIVE，THEAUTHORLAYSSTRESSONTHECOMPREHENSIVECOMPARISONOFTHETALENTCULTIVATINGFORMSDOMESTICANDABROADATTHESALTLETIME，BYANALYZINGTHECIRCUMSTANCESOFVARIOUSCULTIVATIONFORMS，THEAUTHORPUTSFORWARDHERFUNDAMENTALTRAINOFTHOUGHTONESTABLISHINGTHETALENTCULTIVATIONFORMSFORHVEOFOURCOUNTRY

簡介：湖南師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文我省高等職業(yè)教育辦學(xué)狀況調(diào)查及對策研究姓名譚志斌申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)教育指導(dǎo)教師張傳燧20030301ABSTRACTINORDERTOMEETTHENEWDEMANDOFTHETHECHINESEGOVERNMENTHASMADETHETACTICDEEPERECONOMICREFORM．POLICYTODEVELOPHIGHERVOCATIONALANDTECHNICALEDUCATIONACTIVELY．WITHCHINA’SOPENINGUPANDREFORM，HUNANPROVINCE’SHIGHERVOCATIONALEDUCATIONHAVESETUPANDDEVELOPING，ANDHASMADESOMEACHIEVEMENTS．BUTRECENTLY,COMPARINGWITHORDINARYHIGHEREDUCATION’SMAKINGRAPIDPROGRESS，THEHIGHERVOCATIONALANDTECHNICALEDUCATIONDEVELOPMENTHASSLOWEDDOWN．WHATHASMADETHISSITUATIONHOWTOFINDTHEWAYTODEVELOPTHEHIGHERVOCATIONALANDTECHNICALEDUCATIONQUICKLYFROMTHEFORMOFRUNTHECOLLEGE，ORIENTATIONOFCOLLEGE，STUDENTSRESOURCES，THETEACHER’SSTAFFANDGRADUATIONSTUDENTS．THEAUTHORINVESTIGATESOMEHIGHERVOCATIONALANDTECHNICALCOLLEGEANDHUNANEDUCATIONOFFICE．THISARTICLEWILLGIVEYOU’RETHEANSWER．THEFIRSTPARTTELLSWHYDIDOURCOUNTRYDEVELOPHIGHERVOCATIONALANDTECHNICALEDUCATION．ACCORDINGTOTHEINVESTIGATIONINSOMECOLLEGESINOURPROVINCE．THESECONDPARTFINDSOUTMANYPROBLEMSINTHEORIENTATIONOFCOLLEGE，RECRUITMENT，CAPITAL，TEACHING，LOOKINGFOREMPLOYMENTOFSTUDENTS．THETHIRDPARTANALYSESTHEINTERNALANDEXTERNALREASONSABOUTAFFECTINGTHEDEVELOPMENTOFHIGHERVOCATIONALANDTECHNICALEDUCATIONINOURPROVINCE．THELASTPARTSUGGESTSBORROWINGTHEEXPERIENCESINOTHERCOUNTRIESABOUTDEVELOPINGCOMMUNITYCOLLEGE，ANDTODEVELOPOURHIGHERVOCATIONALANDTECHNICALEDUCATIONMOREQUICKLY,ANDBUILDUPTHEHUNANSTYLECOMMUNITYCOLLEGEINTHEEND．KEYWORDSHIGHERVOCATIONALEDUCATION，INVESTIGATION，COUNTERMEASURE，COLLEGEOFLOCALCOMMUNITY11

簡介：資脈。城市職業(yè)奸發(fā)展問題”丫690545資源枯竭型城市職業(yè)教育發(fā)展問題研究阜新市職業(yè)教育發(fā)展問題研究研究生指導(dǎo)教師宋洪全朱寧波教育管理【摘要】阜新市是被國務(wù)院確定的全國唯一一個資源枯竭型城市經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型試點市，本文以全國職業(yè)教育發(fā)展?fàn)顩r為背景，以資源枯竭型城市阜新市經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型對職業(yè)教育的需求為切入點，全面描述了阜新地區(qū)印業(yè)教育發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀和特點，存在的問題和困難，發(fā)展目標(biāo)和措施，有針對性地提出了該地R職業(yè)教育改革與發(fā)展的對策與時俱進(jìn)，轉(zhuǎn)變觀念加大政府統(tǒng)籌力度，發(fā)拌政府作用深化職業(yè)教育改革辦學(xué)形式多樣化加強教師隊伍建設(shè)，培養(yǎng)實用烈復(fù)合烈人才【關(guān)鍵詢】阜新市職業(yè)教育問題及困難發(fā)展對策導(dǎo)語職業(yè)教育是教育與科學(xué)技術(shù)，教育與經(jīng)濟(jì)緊密結(jié)合的重要環(huán)一，IY是生產(chǎn)技術(shù)設(shè)各轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)力最直接、最有效的途徑。因此，職業(yè)教育是提高勞動者素質(zhì)、振興經(jīng)濟(jì)的必由之路，是社會土義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的迫切需要、建國以來，特別是改革開放以來，我國的職業(yè)教育得到了很大發(fā)展，取得了極為豐富的經(jīng)驗，為21世紀(jì)職業(yè)教育的發(fā)展打一「了堅實的墓礎(chǔ)。在職業(yè)教育的改革中，涌現(xiàn)了一批具有示范作用的典型，如以青島市為代表的城市職業(yè)教育典型，以湖南邵網(wǎng)1市為代表的農(nóng)村職業(yè)教育綜合改革的典型，以及上海。江蘇等蘇南地區(qū)為代表的較早進(jìn)行職業(yè)教育現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的典烈等。改革開放20多年來，我國各類職業(yè)學(xué)校共培養(yǎng)了各類畢業(yè)生4000多萬人，L’數(shù)以億計的城鄉(xiāng)勞動者接受了不同形式的教育培訓(xùn)，他們己成為各行各業(yè)的骨干力量，充分顯示了職業(yè)教育在我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展中所發(fā)揮的積極作用。加入WTO后，各類人才的培養(yǎng)與需求都對職業(yè)教育的發(fā)展提出了更高的要求，迫切需要大力發(fā)展職業(yè)教育，全面提高勞動者的科技文件素質(zhì)。培養(yǎng)適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展要求的合格勞動者。本文著重論述資源枯竭NQ城市阜新市經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)烈對職業(yè)教育發(fā)展的要求及保障措施，為類似城市職業(yè)教育的發(fā)展提供借鑒。一、問題的提出資源枯場型率市49業(yè)越宜A叢I70RFIT二全國中等職業(yè)教育發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀改革開放以來，職業(yè)教育取得了長足的進(jìn)步己成為我國教育結(jié)構(gòu)中的重要組成部分，取得了前所末有的成就。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，1999年全國共有各類中等職業(yè)學(xué)校2萬多所，招生48112萬人，在校生達(dá)144276萬人，占高中階段教育招生數(shù)和在校生數(shù)的比例分別為5269和5690T3，建成了一批實3HFI厚的國家級、省部級重點職業(yè)學(xué)校，在職業(yè)教育改革和發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著骨干示范作用，19年，國家頒布實施了職業(yè)教育法。職業(yè)教育逐步走上了依法辦學(xué)、依法管理的軌道。但是，隨著我國“科教興國”戰(zhàn)略的深入實施，我國的教育形勢發(fā)生了根本轉(zhuǎn)變。無論從國家、社會對教育的重視程度，還是從教育白身而言，都使我國的教育向著更高層次發(fā)展。與此相對應(yīng)的是高等教育和基礎(chǔ)教育得到了相當(dāng)大的發(fā)展而作為我國教育體系中的重要組成部分，以培養(yǎng)社會勞動基礎(chǔ)為任務(wù)的中等職業(yè)技術(shù)教育卻遇到了很多困難，存在很多問題，發(fā)展相對滯后。1生源的文化素質(zhì)普遍偏低隨著我國教育體制的改革，在基礎(chǔ)教育階段形成了一種固定的學(xué)苗模式，即文化素質(zhì)拔尖的學(xué)苗全部集中到重點高中，形成基礎(chǔ)教育高級階段的第一梯隊文化素質(zhì)較好的分流到普遍高中，形成基礎(chǔ)教育高級階段的第二梯隊。而經(jīng)過兩次大的篩選后，那些文化素質(zhì)不高，家庭拿不出更多錢來念“白費”、“擴招”和“私立”的學(xué)生，只能走進(jìn)中等職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)校的大門，成為了寶塔刑學(xué)苗模式的最底層。這種主觀上按學(xué)苗學(xué)習(xí)成績分檔，客觀上又按學(xué)生家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)貧窩狀況篩選的結(jié)果，直接導(dǎo)致了中等職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)校的學(xué)生文化素質(zhì)日益降低，存在著把低素質(zhì)學(xué)生培養(yǎng)成高素質(zhì)、高水平中級專業(yè)技術(shù)人才的矛盾使職業(yè)技術(shù)教育的質(zhì)址形成必然卜滑的結(jié)局，這是一個不容回避的問題。2師資素質(zhì)較低，數(shù)量不足，結(jié)構(gòu)不合理職業(yè)教育法和國家規(guī)定的發(fā)展職業(yè)教育的許多政策在一些地方?jīng)]有得到很好的落實。有些地方對職業(yè)教育在現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)中的作用認(rèn)識不足，重視不夠，政府和全社會重視支持職業(yè)教育的局面尚未形成。教師教育觀念落后，知識老化，技能水平偏低，缺少專業(yè)化的訓(xùn)練，教學(xué)能力不能適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代教學(xué)，’教學(xué)方法陳舊，沒有創(chuàng)新精神，缺少既精通實際操作，又精通理論知識的“雙師刑”人才，部分教師在學(xué)歷上還沒有達(dá)標(biāo)。在結(jié)構(gòu)上也有不盡人意的地方經(jīng)驗豐富的中年教師所占比例較小實習(xí)教師的數(shù)量不足文化課和專業(yè)課教師比例不正常竹。I數(shù)量不足。根據(jù)2000年及2010年中等職業(yè)學(xué)校教師需求預(yù)測見表I，到本世紀(jì)末，在現(xiàn)有的教師基礎(chǔ)上需要增加12萬人，平均每年增加6萬人，到2010年所需增加36萬人，平均每年增加3萬人。表1200。年到201。年中等職業(yè)學(xué)校教師需求預(yù)瀏“’年度教師萬學(xué)生萬師生比1997年6897107903111572000年809012751162010年10521001202學(xué)歷達(dá)標(biāo)率低。日前職教教師中有相當(dāng)一部分教師學(xué)歷還未達(dá)標(biāo)，與綱要規(guī)定還有相當(dāng)?shù)牟罹嘁姳?。

簡介：天津大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文西北民族地區(qū)職業(yè)教育現(xiàn)狀與對策研究姓名聶春霞申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)教育經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理指導(dǎo)教師劉春生20031101ABSTRACTTHEDEVELOPINGHISTORYOFTHEPROFESSIONALEDUCATIONOFXINJIANGNATIONALITYAREAISSHORTITSFOUNDATIONISWEAKITSDEVELOPMENTISSLOWITHASINADEQUATEEXPENSEANDSHORTAGEOFTEACHERSTHEQUALITYOFTEACHINGISLOWTHESEPROBLEMSMAKENATIONALITYPROFESSIONALEDUCATIONHARDTODEVELOPBUTPROFESSIONALEDUCATION，WHICHDEVELOPSSLOWLY，ISINGREATDEMANDINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSOCIALECONOMY，THEPRESENTSITUATIONOFPROFESSIONALEDUCATIONHASDETERMINEDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSOCIALECONOMYHOWTOEXTRICATETHEPROFESSIONALEDUCATIONFROMSUCHADIFFICULTPOSITIONANDKEEPITINLINEWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSOCIETYONONEHAND，WEWILLRENEWNATIONALITYPROFESSIONALEDUCATIONIDEA，SET“ALLONE’SLIFEEDUCATION’’AND“ENTERPRISEEDUCATION”THOUGHTDEFINE“SCIENCEANDEDUCATIONDEVELOPXINJIANG’’AND“STRIDE”DEVELOPMENTIDEAONTHEO山ERHAND，WEMUSTBROADENTHESCOPEOFTHEREFORMATIONOFPROFESSIONALEDUCATION，ADHERETOTHEPOLICY“DEVELOPPROFESSIONALEDUCATIONGREATLY”，ADJUSTTHEARRANGEMENTANDSPECIALIZATIONSTRUCTUREOFPROFESSIONALEDUCATION，SETUPPERFECTELEMENTARY、SECONDARY、HIGHERPROFESSIONALEDUCATIONSYSTEM，ADVANCEPROFESSIONALEDUCATIONTEACHINGREFORMATION，MAKEPROFESSIONALEDUCATIONAPOWERFULWEAPONTEJUVENATENATIONALECONOMYTHEBASICFRAMEOFMISTHESISFOLLOWSFIRST，ONTHEPRESENTSITUATIONOFXINJIANGPROFESSIONALEDUCATIONSECOND。NECESSARYANALYSISOFXINJIANGNATIONALITYAREA’SSOCIETYECONOMYDEVELOPMENTTHIRD，IDEAREFRESHINGOFXINJIANGNATIONALITYVOCATIONALEDUCATIONFOURTH，REFORMMETHODOFXINJIANGNATIONALITYAREA’SVOCATIONALEDUCATIONFIFTH，EXPERIENCESTUDYOFDEVELOPINGVOCATIONALEDUCATIONINDEVELOPEDCOUNTRYKEYWORDSNORTHWESTNATIONALITYAREAVOCATIONALEDUCATIONREFORMANDDEVELOP

簡介：碩士學(xué)位論文東西部職業(yè)教育跨區(qū)域合作辦學(xué)研究東西部職業(yè)教育跨區(qū)域合作辦學(xué)研究ONTHECROSSREGIONCOOPERATIONOFEASTERNWESTERNVOCATIONALEDUCATION一級學(xué)科一級學(xué)科教育學(xué)教育學(xué)二級學(xué)科二級學(xué)科職業(yè)技術(shù)教育學(xué)職業(yè)技術(shù)教育學(xué)研究生生翟悅指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)教師寧永紅寧永紅教授教授河北科技師范學(xué)院河北科技師范學(xué)院2013年5月

簡介：蘇州大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文高職院校大學(xué)生的心理問題、形成原因及教育對策以明達(dá)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院為個案研究姓名周春燕申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)高等教育學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師吳繼霞20071001高職院校大學(xué)生的心理問題、形成原因及教育對策以明達(dá)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院為個案研究ABS岫CCTHEHIGHVOCATIONALTECHNOLOGYCOUEGESTUDENTS’PSYCH0109ICALP砒LENLS，MEREASONSOFFN11II培ANDTLLEEDUCATIONALCOUNTE訂NEASURESBASEDONMINGDAPOLYTECHLLICCONEGEABS觚CTHIGHCRVOCA垃ONALEDUCATION，ONEKINDOFEDUCATI鋤ALPATTAMOFSECONEIA】噦VOCA吐0NM咖CADON孤LDLLIGHEREDUCA位ON，ARE0NEOFIMPORT柚TFB皿曬0FOLLRCMNT巧’SLLIGLL凹酣UCATI∞IK11IGLLVOCATIONAITECIHOLOGYCOUEGESTILDENTS’PSYCHOLO百CALDCVELOPMENTH雒ITSGENE均N哆ANDP硎CLLLARI哆ITGETSINTOUCHWITLL廿LEPHYSIOLO百CALDCVCLOPMCNTATTLLISONEPC戤LH盯AGE、TLLEABILI哆T0LC撇NLMUGH位LIILING雅DMATIL∞PEFSONALITY勰DCLOSCLYREL批T0SOCIAL既LV拍MNEM勰WCNNE咖DYAIMST0B10WM伽帥P∞S跚RE、P∞SSU∞RESOURC懿ANDMCDL觚ONWAY鋤DM00D咖BLE娜AND廿LESTUDYADOPTSQU偽DO衄A沁I衛(wèi)IVES廿G撕∞ANDINTELVIEW眥NLOD，RESPOND伽臨眥222STILDE鵬0FMINGDAPOLYTECHNICCONEGERESINTIS血AT919％咖D伽臨HAVEMEMANTYP∞SSUREANDT11ATONESELF肛S跚∞舭LSBIGG盯∞C伽NTING氨孵378％鋤DⅡLAT649％STUD鋤TS’M00DEGOEXP酣鋤CCSS伽NE血NESHAVEVEX暑I(lǐng)TIONMAINLYPRCSSI加ERESOURC餾F0RSTILDENTSARE鋤PLOYMENT觚DHOUSEHOLDCCONOMY100％缸D811％RESPE甜VCLYHOWEV％Ⅱ圮PMBLEMIS也AT833％STILD鋤臨托SOLVEMENTANTYP代SS啊哈ADOP血GTLLEWAY北V％G細(xì)GTHE咖DYS咖G也ENP池ENCCOFPSYCHOL呼CAL酣UC撕∞T0也EHIGHV訓(xùn)ONALTECTLNOLOGYCONEGCSTLLDE吣M∞UGHTLLESLLRYEYOF也EHIGHV0C撕ONALTCHNOLOGRC0ⅡEGESTILDE鵬’N地NTALI哆PRESSU他、PRESSU∞∞SOUM盼柚DMEDIADONWA弘INLL聊INGPSYCHOLO百CALBCALTHLEVCL，PR0VIDING也E鵬DCALGILIDET0ILILPROVC觚SWC血GWAY觚D刪DINGⅡLESCI鋤D丘CB硒ISF研BET舊C2岫GOUTMENTALHEALTHKEYWORDS’11LEHIGHV0CATI∞ALTE‘’LMOLOGYCOUEGESTILDCNTS；PSYCHOLO百CALPROBL伽嚙；TTLE碥硒0NSOFF0徹血G鋤DTLLEEDUCATIONALCOMLTT釉E嬲URESⅡWTTENBY壓∞咖蛆SUPEN，ISEDBYWU尬【IA

簡介：廈門大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文論職業(yè)教育的定位與政策導(dǎo)向姓名林海宏申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)公共管理指導(dǎo)教師林衍超20080801ABSTRACTTHELOCATIONANDTHEPOLICYORIENTATIONOFTHEVOCATIONALEDUCATIONAREACTUALLYTHEFOUNDATIONALFACTORSOFTHEVOCATIONALEDUCATIONTHELOCATIONOFTHEVOCATIONALEDUTIONDETERMINESTHEPOLICYORIENTATIONOFTHEVOCATIONALEDUCATION，WHILETHEPOLICYORIENMTIONOFTHEVOCATIONALEDUCATIONISTHEPATHTOFULFILTHELOCATIONOFITNOWTHEACADEMEHASATTACHEDIMPORTANCETOTHESTUDYOFTHEVOCATIONALEDUCATION’SPOLICYORIENTATION，HOWEVERLACKSINTHESTUDYOFTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHEMTHISTHESISEMPHASIZESTHERESEARCHOFTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHELOCATIONANDTHEPOLICYORIENMTIONOFTHEVOCATIONALEDUCATIONFIRSTLY，THETHESISDEFINESTHECONCEPTOFTHEVOCATIONALEDUCATION，PUTSFORWARDTHETHREELAYSTOTHELOCATIONOFTHEVOCATIONALEDUCATION，ANDANALYSESTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHELOCATIONANDTHEPOLICYORIENTATIONSECONDLY，ANALYSESTHELOCATIONANDTHEPOLICYORIENTATIONOFTHEVOCATIONALEDUCATION’STRANSFORMATIONINTHEMAINFOREIGNCOUNTRIESFROMTHEVERTICALANDPARALLELDIMENSIONLASTLYTHETHESISSETSFORTHTHEHISTORYOFTHEVOCATIONALEDUCATION’SDEVELOPMENTINCHINASTUDIESTHESTATUSQUOANDDEFICIENCYOFTHEVOCATIONALEDUCATION’STHELOCATIONANDTHEPOLICYORIENTATIONINCHINAANDADVANCESSOMEREASONABLESUGGESTIONSTOTHETHEPERFECTNESSOFTHELOCATIONANDTHEPOLICYORIENTATIONOFCHINA’SVOCATIONALEDUCATIONKEYWORDSVOCATIONALEDUCATION；LOCATION；POLICYORIENTATION

簡介：華東師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文中等職業(yè)教育普通文化課程改革研究姓名楊長亮申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)教育學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師石偉平徐國慶20070501ABSTRACTGENERALCURRICULUMISALWAYSATILOMYPROBLEMINVOCATIONALEDUCATION．RECENTYEARS，豳EDUCATIONMODERNIZATIONPROGRESSPUSHINGFORWARD．GENERALCURRICULUMISALSOINFLUENCED．STUDENTSINTHEVOCATIONALSCHOOLDONOTPREPAREWEHFORTILISCURRICULUM,ANDHAVENOINTERESTINGINLEARNINGIT．TEACHERSHAVEDIFFICULTYTOTEACHANDCREATEOCCUPAGONBURNOUTFEELING．ALONGWITHTHEINTENSIVEREFORMOFPROFESSIONALCOUR∞，MANYPEOPLEEVENDOUBTTOSETGENERALCURRICULUMINVOCATIONALSCH001．THEREFORMOFGENERALCURRICULUMHASALREADYBEENAMATTEROFGREATURGENCY．THEREHASBEENAGROWINGCONSENSUSTHATREFORMOFGENERALCULTURALCURRICULUMMUSTBEUNDERTAKEN．THEKEYPOINTOFTHEREFORMLIESINHOWTOREFORM．GUIDEDBYTHEEMPLOYMENTORIENTEDANDCOMPETENCEBASEDTHOU【GHLEVERYPLACE’SEDUCATIONSECTIONANDVOCATIONALSCHOOLSARETAKING吐LEIRACTIONS．CURRENTLY．JUSTDUETOTHELACKOFADEEPRESEARCHONGENERALCURRICULUM，THEREAREMANYCONFUSIONSINGENERAL．CULTURALCURRICULUMREFORM．INTHISSITUATION，THISPAPERCONCENUATESONSTUDYINGAFEWKEYPROBLEMSINGENERALCULTURALCURRICULUM；ENRICHGENERALCULTURALCURRICULUMTHEORIES；PROVIDETHEORYBASISFORGENERALCULTURALCURRICULUMREFORM．CHAPTERLINTRODUCTION．FIRSTLY,DEFINETHECONCEPTIONOF“VOCATIONALEDUCATION’“GENERALCULTURALCURRICULUM’ETO．SECONDLY,EXPLICITRESEARCHIDEAANDSIGNIFICANCEABOUTTHESTUDY，ANDEMPHASIZEONTHEANALYSISOFPROBLEMSEXISTINGINVOCATIONALEDUCATIONANDGENERALCULTURALCURRICULUM．THIRDLY，F(xiàn)OCUSONTHEEMBARRASSEDSITUATIONSABOUTGENERALCULTURALCURRICULUM，ANDFIGUREOUTAFEWKEYPROBLEMSINGENERALCULTURALCURRICULUM．CHAPTERⅡTHEFIXEDPOSITIONOFGENERALCULTURALCURRICULUMINMIDDLEVOCATIONALEDUCATION．FIRSTLYBYIRACINGTHEHISTORYOFGENERALCULTURALCURRICULUMINOURCOUNTRYSCANTHEFUNCTIONOFIT．SECONDLYCONSIDERINGINTOTHEPURPOSEOFVOCATIONALEDUCATIONANDTHECURRENTSITUATIONOFPOPULARIZATIONOFGENERALHIGLISCHOOLS，THISPANMAKECLEARTHEPOSITIONOFGENERALCULTURALCURRICULUM．CHAPTER1II,THEESTABLISHMENTABOUTGENERALCALMRALCURRICULUMINMIDDLEVOCATIONALEDUCATION．HRSFLY,DISCUSSWHATKINDSOFCURRICULUMTHEGENERALCURRICULUMNEED，HOWTOSETIT，ANDEXPLICITTHERELATIONSHIPSBETWEENGENERALCULTURALCURRICULUMANDPROFESSIONALCURRICULUM．SECONDLYMAKESURENEWTHINKINGOFREFORMABOUTTHECONTENT、STRUCTUREANDOTHERSINGENERALCURRICULUM．ATLASTPUTFORWARDVARIE哆M(jìn)ODELSABOUTGENERALCULTURALCURRICULUMANDDISCUSSHOWTOUSEILCHAPTERIV，THESTANDARDOFGENERALCULTURALCURRICULUMINMIDDLEVOCATIONALEDUCATION．CLEARTHECURRENTSITUATIONSABOUTGENERALCULTURALCURRICULUM’SSTANDARDANDRELATIVEREFORMEXPERIENCE；DISCUSSSUCHTHEORYPROBLEMSINGENERALCULTURALⅡ

簡介：河北師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文職業(yè)教育工學(xué)結(jié)合培養(yǎng)模式的問題及對策研究姓名鄭學(xué)平申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)教育學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師刁哲軍20080520ABSTRACTTHEMENTIONEDTRAININGMETHOD，WHICHCOMBINESWORKINGWITHLEAMING，ISRELATEDTOTHEDIRECTIONAIPROBIEMOFTHE、，0CATIONAIEDUCATIONREFOMLATION．ITISALSORELATEDTOTHECRUCIALPROBLEMABOUTTOBUILDANEWSYSTEMOFTHEVROCATIONALEDUCATIONWITHCHINESECHARACTERISTIC．THEAIMOFTHISTRAININGMETHODISTOSAVETHELONGSTANDINGPITFALISINOURVOCATIONAIEDUCATIONSYSTEM，SUCHASEDUCATIONALTHEORYISDIVORCEDWITHPRACTICE；THEDISSEVENNENTOFKNOWLEDGELEAMINGANDUSING；ANDTHESEPARATIONOFTEACHINGANDSTUDYING．T6SAVETHOSEPROBLEMS，WEHAVESOMETHINGIMPORTANTTODO．FIRSTOFALL，THEOBTAINEMPLOYMENTOFSTUDENTS．SECONDLY，WESHOULDPROVIDETHEQUALI行EDPERSONSTOEMPLOYERS．THIRDLY，、VESHOULDALTERTHEOLDTRAININGMETHODOFVOCATIONALEDUCATION．THELASTBUTMOSTIMPORTANTTHINGISTHATWESHOULDACHIEVETHEALTERATIONOFOURTRAININGMETHODFROMSEMICLOSETOOPEN；行OMTAKINGSCHOOLASCENTRALTOTAKINGPRACTICEASCENTRAL；ANDWEOUGHTTOPROVIDETHEADVANCEDTECHNOLOGISTTOOURCOUNTRY．ASABRANCHOFEDUCATIONALSYSTEM，VOCATIONALEDUCATIONANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFECONOMYHAVEMANYA銜NITIES．ITSHOULDEREDTHEIMPORRTANTTASKOFTRAININGQUALIFIEDLABORSANDTECHNICALPERSONS．WESHOULDBEACTIVEINPROMOTINGTHECOMBINATIONOFEDUCATIONALTHEOⅨPRODUCTIONPRACTICE，TECHNIQUEPOPULARIZATION，ANDSOCIALSERVICE．TBPROMOTETHECOMBINATIONOFTHEO哆STUDYINGANDPRACTICEISTHEKEMELANDTHESOULOFIMPROVINGTHETRAININGMETHODOFVOCATIONALEDUCATION．ATPRESENT，VOCATIONALEDUCATIONINOURCOUNTRYHASLOTSOFPITFALLS，BOTHINNERANDOUTER．ANDTHEREAREALSOSOMEQUESTIONSWITHINTHECOMBINATIONOFWORKINGANDLEAMING．ALLOFTHESEPROBLEMSSHOUIDBESAVEDTOGETHERBYGOVEMMENT，GUILD，EDUCATIONALINSTITUTIONANDENTERPRISES．FORTHESAKEOFENSURINGTHENEWTRAININGMETHODDEVELOPEDINDEPTHANDHEALTH訂Y，WESHOULDBEGOODAT1EAMINGTHECERTAIHEXPERIENCE行OMFOREIGNCOUNTRIES，ESTABLISHASERIESOFINDEMNIFICATO叮MECHANISMS，ANDEXPLORETHESPECIFICMEASURESO仆AVINGAVICTODRFORBOTHSCHOOLSANDENTE叩RISES．THEINNOVATIONSOFTHISSTUDYAREASFOLLOWSFIRSTLY，TOGIVETHEDEFINITIONOFTHISNEWTRAININGMETHOD；SECONDLY，TOBRINGFONVARDTHEPRINCIPLEANDTHEFRAMEOFTHISNEWTRAININGLI

簡介：上海交通大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文新加坡職業(yè)培訓(xùn)與職業(yè)教育的實踐研究姓名張渝申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)工商管理（MBA）指導(dǎo)教師顧琴軒20031012上海交通大學(xué)MBA學(xué)位論文新加坡職業(yè)培訓(xùn)與職業(yè)教育實踐研究5STUDYOFOCCUPATIONALTRAININGEDUCATIONPRACTICEINSINGAPEABSTRACTWITHTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFTHEHIGHTECHNOLOGYECONOMYGLOBALLYTHEDEMOFTHEVERSATILEHUMANRESOURCESBYSOCIETYENTERPRISESISMEMETOMEETSUCHEXPINGREQUIREMENTSNOTONLYTHEBASICEDUCATIONSLIKETHEHIGHSCHOOLUNIVERSITYEDUCATIONSHOULDBESTRENGTHENASBEFEBUTALSOTHESPECIALOCCUPATIONSTRAININGEDUCATIONMUSTBEDEVELOPEDTOCOMPLETETHEWHOLEEDUCATIONSYSTEMDURINGPASTTHIRTYYEARSSINGAPEECONOMYHASBEENGROWINGVERYFASTTHATMAKESSINGAPEFROMAVERYPOCOUNTRYCHANGINGTONOWARECOGNIZEDDEVELOPEDCOUNTRYINTHEWLDONEOFTHEMAINFACTSISTHATITPUTSALOTOFEFFTONEDUCATIONITHASBEENCONTINUOUSLYIMPROVINGCOMPLETINGTHEBASICEDUCATIONOCCUPATIONALEDUCATIONWHICHHASTRAINEDMANYFIRSTCLASSENGINEERSMANAGERSINTHEWLDTESISONEOFTHEWELLKNOWNOCCUPATIONSCHOOLSINSINGAPETHESCHOOLHASEXPERIENCEDTHATITONLYHASASINGLEOCCUPATIONTRAININGNOTENOUGHSTUDENTRESOURCETONOWITHASMULTIPLEOCCUPATIONSTRAININGINCLUDINGLANGUAGEBUSINESSMANAGEMENTITTECHNOLOGYFINANCEETCITNOTONLYCOVERSTHEOCCUPATIONALTRAININGALSOITOFFERSDEGREEEDUCATIONSWHICHMAKESITAMULTIEDUCATIONALENTITYTHISPAPERISINVESTIGATINGTHESUCCESSFULEXPERIENCESOFTHESCHOOLTHESUCCESSFULAPPROACHESOFTHESCHOOLINOCCUPATIONTRAININGHAVEBEENDISCUSSEDFROMAVIEWOFBASICTHEYOFOCCUPATIONALTRAININGHOWITISCOMBINEDWITHTHESPECIFICECONOMICSTRUCTURESOFSINGAPEITISALSODISCUSSEDTHEOVERALLTRENDOFOCCUPATIONALTRAININGOFTHEWLDKEYWDSKNOWLEDGEBASEDECONOMYSINGAPEOCCUPATIONALTRAININGOCCUPATIONALEDUCATIONTES

簡介：西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文高等職業(yè)技術(shù)教育存在的問題與對策研究高職教育面向市場若干問題的思考姓名楊柳申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)工商管理指導(dǎo)教師史代敏20031112借鑒市場化的運作模式分別針對第二章所提出的主要問題給出了相應(yīng)對策。論文的主要貢獻(xiàn)在于選擇了關(guān)系到國家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展成敗的關(guān)鍵因素高職教育作為論文選題，具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義；跳出教育看教育，把高職教育放到市場經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的大環(huán)境下來思考問題、原因和應(yīng)對措施；從教育的產(chǎn)品屬性和行業(yè)屬性出發(fā)，深入剖析了市場經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下高職教育存在問題的根源；將教育規(guī)律和市場經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下的經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律相結(jié)合，論述了如何利用管理學(xué)原理、現(xiàn)代人力資源管理、營銷管理等基本理念和方法來解決高職教育存在的主要問題，從新的角度提出了高職教育發(fā)展的道路。關(guān)鍵詞高等職業(yè)技術(shù)教育市場經(jīng)濟(jì)問題根源解決辦法

簡介：華中師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文談中等職業(yè)學(xué)校語文教學(xué)與素質(zhì)教育姓名孫霓申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)學(xué)科教學(xué)語文指導(dǎo)教師王耀輝20071001ABSTRACTBASEDONTHECHARACTERISTICSANDOBJECTIVESOFCHINESELANGUAGETEACHINGINSECONDARYVOCATIONALSCHOOL，BYINVESTIGATINGANDANALYZINGTHEPRESENTSITUATIONOFCHINESELANGUAGETEACHINGANDSTUDYING，THISPAPERANALYZEDTHEPROBLEMSOFSECONDARYVOCATIONALSCHOOL，ANDINCONJUNCTIONWITHTHESTUDYINGCHARACTERISTICSOFSTUDENTSOFSECONDARYVOCATIONALSCHOOL，CLARIFIEDTHATWESHOULDDEVELOPCAPACITYORIENTEDCOMPREHENSIVEQUALITYANDEXPLOREDHOWTOPUTQUALITYEDUCATIONINTOPRACTICE．THEPAPERISCLASSIFIEDINTOFIVEPARTS．THEFIRSTPARTINTRODUCEDTHERESEARCHBACKGROUND，OBJECTIVEANDSIGNIFICANCEOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFVOCATIONALEDUCATION．THEVOCATIONALEDUCATIONTRENDUNDERWENTSOCIETYORIENTEDEDUCATION,KNOWLEDGERIENTEDEDUCATION，CAPACITDENTEDEDUCATION,ANDNOWCOMESTOQUALIT燦DENTEDEDUCATION，THEREFORE，THETRAILSFORMATIONOFCULTIVATIONOFSTUDENTSFROMPOSTORIENTEDEDUCATIONOREDUCATIONTOQUALITYEDUCATIONORCOMPREHENSIVEVOCATIONALABILITYEDUCATIONBECAMETHEVERYCOREOFVOCATIONALEDUCATIONREFORMATTHEBEGINNINGOFTHISCENTURY．THROUGHTHESUMMARYOFTHEFUNCTIONANDPRESENTSITUATIONOFCHINESELANGUAGETEACHINGINSECONDARYVOCATIONALSCHOOL，THEINTRODUCTIONOFQUALITYEDUCATIONCONCEPTION,ANDINCONJUNCTION、VITLLTHEERROROFQUALITYEDUCATIONATTHEPRESENTSTAGE，THESECONDPARTMAINLYINVESTIGATEDHOWTOPUTQUALITYEDUCATIONINTOPRACTICEINTHECHINESELANGUAGETEACHINGOFSECONDARYVOCATIONALSCHOOL，ANDPUTFORWARDTHEREQUIREMENTOFQUALITYEDUCATIONTOCHINESELANGUAGETEACHING，THATISTOEMPHASIZETHEHUMANISMOFCHINESELANGUAGETEACHING,CULTIVATIONOFSTUDENTS’ORIGINALITYINNOVATIONANDSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTTOMAKETEACHINGCHARACTERISTICSPROMINENT．THETHIRDPARTANALYZEDTHEGAPBETWEENTHEPRESENTSITUATIONOFCHINESELANGUAGETEACHINGANDTHEREQUIREMENTOFQUALITYEDUCATIONFROMTHREEASPECTSFIRST，DEVIATIONOFTEACHINGOBJECTIVEWHICHOVEREMPHASIZEDPROFESSIONALEDUCATIONRATHERTHANBASICEDUCATION；SECOND，ARREARAGEOFTEACHINGCONTENTINCLUDINGTHETIREDTEACHINGCONTENT，SINGLETEACHINGMODEANDTEACHINGSTRUCTURE，THELACKOFMIGRATORYAPTITUDEINTEACHINGCONTENT；THIRD，BACKWARDTEACHINGSTRATEGYINCLUDINGTRADITIONALTEACHINGMETHODASWELL鷂TEACHINGMODEDEVOIDOFCHARACTERISTICS．THEFOARTHPARTEXPOUNDEDTHEOVERVIEWOFCHINESELANGUAGETEACHINGREFORMAGAINSTTHEBACKGROUNDOFQUALITYEDUCATION，POINTEDOUTTHEPRESENTTEACHINGSITUATIONWHICHNEEDSIMPROVEMENT,

簡介：河北師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文英國現(xiàn)代學(xué)徒制及對我國職業(yè)教育課程改革的啟示姓名李艷申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)教育學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師龐世俊20080327ABSTRACTAPPRENTICESHIPRE觸TOASYST鋤OFLEANLINGAC珊0R跏囂冀委蠡三毳簍莖鐾L刪成童諜蓁衡匡砉一墨墨耋萋霪參羹翼矗至霪喜黧荔LL妻主萋蓁鎣已囊“鬻垂孽孛塞霎蕈B蓄墾I_『壘|簍，戮董甏鍪冀I∽霆霞；霧霧托耋妄_X1霪蠢馨；蓁主薹翟；萋E薹冀曲黿刊熏妻蓁主疹毒善Ⅵ薹霪蟮毒II圳墾囊蓍心薹藿蠢垂；囊薹羹備琴薹霉引I攀冀霪蓁亨曩垂霎羹題，是上這堂課得到的啟發(fā)。但有時這樣的思考不一定能夠解決問題，畢競對“水墨構(gòu)成”的體驗需要一段時間的沉淀。盧沉先生在上個世紀(jì)80年代提出了中國畫教學(xué)中的“水墨構(gòu)成印，這個觀念是他個人的深厚修養(yǎng)和教學(xué)實踐經(jīng)驗的總結(jié)，也是把繪畫作為文化整體的一部分放在當(dāng)下深入思考的結(jié)果。他的“水墨構(gòu)成一說讓一些青年畫家從中受益匪淺，但還是有許多問題需要探究。從水墨畫的自身特點來看，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)按其傳統(tǒng)方式發(fā)展下去所面臨的尷尬困境?，F(xiàn)在的好多作品缺乏現(xiàn)代理念和變革精神，觀念陳舊，題材僵化，創(chuàng)作性不足。而在現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的沖擊下，人們的藝術(shù)觀念、審美心理和造型語言等方面都發(fā)生了激烈的變化，不再局限于對可視世界的直接描寫，也不再遵循一脈相承的傳統(tǒng)觀念與傳統(tǒng)繪畫形式法則。針對這個矛盾，我們除了賦予作品以廣袤深刻的思想內(nèi)涵外，也應(yīng)該對水墨藝術(shù)在技法和技巧領(lǐng)域做個性化的延伸，為豐富水墨藝術(shù)技法寶庫做出貢獻(xiàn)。我們在“水墨構(gòu)成”課上，對各種新工具、新材料、新技法進(jìn)行多方位、多層次地試驗，使肌理的特殊效果和色彩的最佳表現(xiàn)力發(fā)揮到極致；進(jìn)一步嘗試用西畫的構(gòu)圖方法來補充和豐富傳統(tǒng)的筆墨。使水墨畫在傳統(tǒng)技法的基礎(chǔ)上逐漸擺脫單調(diào)的模式，進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生風(fēng)格迥異的作品。筆者以一個學(xué)生的視角，記錄下了自己在。水墨構(gòu)成”課上如何把理論運用到實踐，又從新的實踐中得出新的理論X